{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T23:08:37Z","timestamp":1782688117384,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,12]],"date-time":"2015-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1037660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1037660"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review current and emerging tools for Gambiense <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAT<\/jats:styled-content> control and elimination, and propose strategies that integrate these tools with epidemiological evidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed the scientific literature to identify contemporary and emerging tools and strategies for controlling and eliminating Gambiense <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAT<\/jats:styled-content>. Through an iterative process involving key stakeholders, we then developed comprehensive scenarios leading to elimination, considering both established and new tools for diagnosis, case treatment and vector control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Core components of all scenarios include detecting and treating cases with established or emerging techniques. Relatively more intensive scenarios incorporate vector control. New tools considered include tiny targets for tsetse fly control, use of rapid diagnostic tests and oral treatment with fexinidazole or oxaboroles. Scenarios consider the time when critical new tools are expected to become ready for deployment by national control programmes. Based on a review of the latest epidemiological data, we estimate the various interventions to cover 1380\u00a0600\u00a0km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and 56\u00a0986\u00a0000 people.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A number of new tools will fill critical gaps in the current armamentarium for diagnosing and treating Gambiense <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAT<\/jats:styled-content>. Deploying these tools in endemic areas will facilitate the comprehensive and sustainable control of the disease considerably and contribute to the ultimate goal of elimination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]],"date-time":"2015-02-19T09:28:47Z","timestamp":1424338127000},"page":"707-718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Contemporary and emerging strategies for eliminating human African trypanosomiasis due to <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense<\/i>: review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Steinmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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