{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T21:50:55Z","timestamp":1779141055011,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]],"date-time":"2015-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SP.2011.41304.021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SP.2011.41304.021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>Underdetection of TB<\/jats:styled-content> is a major problem in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. WHO<\/jats:styled-content> recommends countries should have at least 1 laboratory per 100\u00a0000 population. However, this recommendation is not evidence based.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We analysed surveillance data of the Nigerian National TB<\/jats:styled-content> Control Programme (2008\u20102012) to describe TB<\/jats:styled-content> case detection rates, their geographical distribution and their association with the density of diagnostic laboratories and HIV<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The median CDR<\/jats:styled-content> was 17.7 (range 4.7\u201375.8%) in 2008, increasing to 28.6% (range 10.6\u201372.4%) in 2012 (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.01). The CDR<\/jats:styled-content>2012<\/jats:sub> was associated with the 2008 baseline; however, states with CDR<\/jats:styled-content>2008<\/jats:sub> <\u00a030% had larger increases than states with CDR<\/jats:styled-content>2008<\/jats:sub> >\u00a030. There were 990 laboratories in 2008 and 1453 in 2012 (46.7% increase, range by state \u22123% to +118). The state CDR<\/jats:styled-content>2012<\/jats:sub> could be predicted by the laboratory density (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001), but was not associated with HIV<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence or the proportion of smear\u2010positive cases. CDR<\/jats:styled-content>2012<\/jats:sub> and laboratory density were correlated among states having < and > than 1 laboratory per 100\u00a0000 population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>There are large variations in laboratory density and CDR<\/jats:styled-content> across the Nigerian states. The CDR<\/jats:styled-content> is associated with the laboratory density. A much larger number of diagnostic centres are needed. It is likely that a laboratory density above the recommended WHO<\/jats:styled-content> guideline would result in even higher case detection, and this ratio should be considered a minimum threshold.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,17]],"date-time":"2015-06-17T14:45:15Z","timestamp":1434552315000},"page":"1396-1402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Tuberculosis case detection in Nigeria, the unfinished agenda"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Obasanya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme of Nigeria Abuja Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saddiq T.","family":"Abdurrahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Capital Territory Abuja Tuberculosis And Leprosy Control Programme Abuja Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olanrewaju","family":"Oladimeji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zankli Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria"},{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lovett","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zankli Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Dacombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nkem","family":"Chukwueme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme of Nigeria Abuja Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tubi","family":"Abiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme of Nigeria Abuja Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gidado","family":"Mustapha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Care KNCV \/\u00a0TB\u00a0CARE I Abuja Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Sola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Sud Orsay France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei de Microbiologia Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol Badalona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis E.","family":"Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global Tuberculosis Report World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"TB case detection: can we remain passive while the process is active?","volume":"11","author":"Abebe M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2013 Tuberculosis Global report World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Laboratory Services in TB Control 1998","author":"WHO","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00059-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0800809"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"National AIDS\/STI Programme.National HIV sero\u2010prevalence sentinel survey 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"TB Care 1. Nigeria.2011. (Available from:http:\/\/www.tbcare1.org\/countries\/africa\/nia\/) [15 March 2015]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria Department of Public Health National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Workers Manual"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"AKM Awe T Odusote O Daniel A Omoniyi 2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"2011 Global Tuberculosis Control","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health N.TB and Leprosy Control Programme Annual Report Revised Edition.Federal Ministry of HealthNigeria Department of Public Health (NTBLCP) Workers Manual: available on request from the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme of Nigeria"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"460","article-title":"Targets for global tuberculosis control","volume":"10","author":"Dye C","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"The Stop TB Strategy","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"The impact of HIV infection on the global epidemiology of tuberculosis","volume":"66","author":"Styblo K","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation.The Global Plan to Stop TB 2011\u20102015.World Health Organisation:Geneva Switzerland 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.033167"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-15"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine & International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftmi.12558","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tmi.12558","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T22:41:27Z","timestamp":1696200087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tmi.12558"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tmi.12558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tmi.12558","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]}}}