{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T19:06:03Z","timestamp":1778180763573,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]],"date-time":"2015-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013543","name":"European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the diagnostic accuracy of three rapid diagnostic tests (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RDT<\/jats:styled-content>s) for typhoid fever in febrile hospitalised patients in Bangladesh.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Febrile adults and children admitted to Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, were investigated with Bact\/Alert<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> blood cultures and real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> to detect <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> Typhi and Paratyphi A and assays for <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>, leptospirosis and dengue fever. Acute serum samples were examined with the LifeAssay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LA<\/jats:styled-content>) Test\u2010it\u2122 Typhoid IgM lateral flow assay detecting IgM antibodies against <jats:italic>S.\u00a0<\/jats:italic>Typhi O antigen, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTKB<\/jats:styled-content>iotech Onsite Typhoid IgG\/IgM Combo Rapid\u2010test cassette lateral flow assay detecting IgG and IgM antibodies against <jats:italic>S.\u00a0<\/jats:italic>Typhi O and H antigens and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> Bioline line assay for IgG and IgM antibodies against <jats:italic>S.\u00a0<\/jats:italic>Typhi proteins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 300 malaria smear\u2010negative febrile patients [median (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>) age of 13.5 (5\u201331) years], 34 (11.3%) had confirmed typhoid fever: 19 positive by blood culture for <jats:italic>S.\u00a0<\/jats:italic>Typhi (three blood <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> positive) and 15 blood culture negative but <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> positive for <jats:italic>S.\u00a0<\/jats:italic>Typhi in blood. The respective sensitivity and specificity of the three <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RDT<\/jats:styled-content>s in patients using a composite reference standard of blood culture and\/or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010confirmed typhoid fever were 59% and 61% for LifeAssay, 59% and 74% for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTK<\/jats:styled-content> IgM and\/or IgG, and 24% and 96% for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> Bioline <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RDT<\/jats:styled-content> IgM and\/or IgG. The LifeAssay\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RDT<\/jats:styled-content> had a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 91% when modified with a positive cut\u2010off of \u22652+ and analysed using a Bayesian latent class model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These typhoid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RDT<\/jats:styled-content>s demonstrated moderate diagnostic accuracies, and better tests are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,19]],"date-time":"2015-06-19T10:16:59Z","timestamp":1434709019000},"page":"1376-1384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The diagnostic accuracy of three rapid diagnostic tests for typhoid fever at <scp>C<\/scp>hittagong <scp>M<\/scp>edical <scp>C<\/scp>ollege <scp>H<\/scp>ospital, <scp>C<\/scp>hittagong, <scp>B<\/scp>angladesh"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Rapeephan R.","family":"Maude","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol\u2010Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU) Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna K.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lalith","family":"Wijedoru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol\u2010Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU) Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Bangkok 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