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Meta\u2010analysis was undertaken for pooled estimates where appropriate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven studies (946 neonates) were included (nine randomised controlled trials and two prospective cohort studies). Six trials reported consistently measured ototoxicity outcomes in neonates treated with gentamicin, and the pooled estimate for hearing loss was 3% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0\u20137%). Nephrotoxicity could not be assessed due to variation in case definitions used. Estimates of the number of neonates potentially affected by gentamicin toxicity were not undertaken due to insufficient data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given wider scale\u2010up of outpatient\u2010based and lower\u2010level treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSBI<\/jats:styled-content>, improved data are essential to better assess the risks from neonatal gentamicin treatment without assessment of blood levels, to maximise benefit and reduce harm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T21:50:42Z","timestamp":1443736242000},"page":"1593-1606","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Risk of gentamicin toxicity in neonates treated for possible severe bacterial infection in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries: Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Grace M.","family":"Musiime","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gertrude's Children's Hospital Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna C.","family":"Seale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Informatics University College London London UK"},{"name":"Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health (MARCH), and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah G.","family":"Moxon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health (MARCH), and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy E.","family":"Lawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health (MARCH), and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60496-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70804-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Chart Booklet","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60828-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"United Nations Commission on Life\u2010Saving Commodities.United Nations Commission on Life Saving Commodities.2015. 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