{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:10:08Z","timestamp":1787749808320,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]],"date-time":"2015-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004417","name":"Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the population prevalence of malaria in villages across Papua New Guinea (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PNG<\/jats:styled-content>) following the first roll\u2010out of free long\u2010lasting insecticidal nets (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLIN<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between October 2008 and August 2009, a household survey was conducted in 49 random villages in districts covered by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLIN<\/jats:styled-content> distribution campaign. The survey extended to 19 villages in sentinel sites that had not yet been covered by the campaign. In each village, 30 households were randomly sampled, household heads were interviewed and capillary blood samples were collected from all consenting household members for microscopic diagnosis of malaria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malaria prevalence ranged from 0% to 49.7% with a weighted average of 12.1% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 9.5, 15.3) in the national sample. More people were infected with <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> (7.0%; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 5.4, 9.1) than with <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> (3.8%; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.4, 5.7) or <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic> (0.3%; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.1, 0.6). Parasitaemia was strongly age\u2010dependent with a <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> peak at age 5\u20139 years and a <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> peak at age 1\u20134 years, yet with differences between geographical regions. Individual <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLIN<\/jats:styled-content> use and high community coverage were associated with reduced odds of infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.64 and 0.07, respectively; both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Splenomegaly in children and anaemia were common morbidities attributable to malaria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malaria prevalence across <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PNG<\/jats:styled-content> is again at levels comparable to the 1970s. The strong association of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLIN<\/jats:styled-content> use with reduced parasitaemia supports efforts to achieve and maintain high country\u2010wide coverage. <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> infections will require special targeted approaches across <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PNG<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T21:32:38Z","timestamp":1443735158000},"page":"1745-1755","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Prevalence of malaria across Papua New Guinea after initial roll\u2010out of insecticide\u2010treated mosquito nets"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Manuel W.","family":"Hetzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research Goroka Papua New Guinea"},{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research Goroka Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandao","family":"Tarongka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research Goroka Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Barnadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research Goroka Papua New Guinea"},{"name":"Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Vic. 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