{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:44:07Z","timestamp":1792028647968,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]],"date-time":"2015-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically assess the data on the prevalence and causes of hearing impairment in Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review on the prevalence and causes of hearing loss in Africa. We undertook a literature search of seven electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Medline, Global Health, Web of Knowledge, Academic Search Complete and Africa Wide Information) and manually searched bibliographies of included articles. The search was restricted to population\u2010based studies on hearing impairment in Africa. Data were extracted using a standard protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 232 articles and included 28 articles in the final analysis. The most common cut\u2010offs used for hearing impairment were 25 and 30 dB HL, but this ranged between 15 and 40 dB HL. For a cut\u2010off of 25 dB, the median was 7.7% for the children\u2010 or school\u2010based studies and 17% for population\u2010based studies. For a cut\u2010off of 30 dB HL, the median was 6.6% for the children or school\u2010based studies and 31% for population\u2010based studies. In schools for the deaf, the most common cause of hearing impairment was cryptogenic deafness (50%) followed by infectious causes (43%). In mainstream schools and general population, the most common cause of hearing impairment was middle ear disease (36%), followed by undetermined causes (35%) and cerumen impaction (24%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are very few population\u2010based studies available to estimate the prevalence of hearing impairment in Africa. Those studies that are available use different cut\u2010offs, making comparison difficult. However, the evidence suggests that the prevalence of hearing impairment is high and that much of it is avoidable or treatable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T02:32:42Z","timestamp":1447986762000},"page":"158-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Prevalence and causes of hearing impairment in Africa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"Mulwafu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kuper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Evidence in Disability London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. J. 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