{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T02:37:19Z","timestamp":1782873439546,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]],"date-time":"2016-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007054","name":"Meso Scale Diagnostics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to assess the role of the private sector in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMIC<\/jats:styled-content>s). We used Demographic and Health Surveys for 57 countries (2000\u20132013) to evaluate the private sector's share in providing three reproductive and maternal\/newborn health services (family planning, antenatal and delivery care), in total and by socio\u2010economic position.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used data from 865 547 women aged 15\u201349, representing a total of 3 billion people. We defined \u2018met and unmet need for services\u2019 and \u2018use of appropriate service types\u2019 clearly and developed explicit classifications of source and sector of provision.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Across the four regions (sub\u2010Saharan Africa, Middle East\/Europe, Asia and Latin America), unmet need ranged from 28% to 61% for family planning, 8% to 22% for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANC<\/jats:styled-content> and 21% to 51% for delivery care. The private\u2010sector share among users of family planning services was 37\u201339% across regions (overall mean: 37%; median across countries: 41%). The private\u2010sector market share among users of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANC<\/jats:styled-content> was 13\u201361% across regions (overall mean: 44%; median across countries: 15%). The private\u2010sector share among appropriate deliveries was 9\u201356% across regions (overall mean: 40%; median across countries: 14%). For all three healthcare services, women in the richest wealth quintile used private services more than the poorest. Wealth gaps in met need for services were smallest for family planning and largest for delivery care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The private sector serves substantial numbers of women in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMIC<\/jats:styled-content>s, particularly the richest. To achieve universal health coverage, including adequate quality care, it is imperative to understand this sector, starting with improved data collection on healthcare provision.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,20]],"date-time":"2016-02-20T15:20:01Z","timestamp":1455981601000},"page":"486-503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Family planning, antenatal and delivery care: cross\u2010sectional survey evidence on levels of coverage and inequalities by public and private sector in 57 low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Oona M. 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