{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:03:51Z","timestamp":1791198231158,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,21]],"date-time":"2016-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe growth in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected children on long\u2010term antiretroviral therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>) and to assess social, clinical, immunological and virological factors associated with suboptimal growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This observational cohort study included all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected children at an urban <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> site in South Africa who were younger than 5 years at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> initiation and with more than 5 years of follow\u2010up. Growth was assessed using weight\u2010for\u2010age <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WAZ<\/jats:styled-content>), height\u2010for\u2010age Z\u2010scores (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAZ<\/jats:styled-content>) and body mass index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010for\u2010age <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAZ<\/jats:styled-content>). Children were stratified according to pre\u2010treatment anthropometry and age. Univariate and mixed linear analysis were used to determine associations between independent variables and weight and height outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of the 159 children presented with advanced clinical disease (90%) and immunosuppression (89%). Before treatment underweight, stunting and wasting were common (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WAZ<\/jats:styled-content>&lt;\u22122 = 50%, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAZ<\/jats:styled-content>&lt;\u22122 = 73%, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAZ<\/jats:styled-content>&lt;\u22122 = 19%). Weight and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> improved during the initial 12 months, while height improved over the entire 5\u2010year period. Height at study exit was significantly worse for children with growth impairment at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> initiation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and infants (&lt;1 year) demonstrated superior improvement in terms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04). Tuberculosis was an independent risk factor for suboptimal weight (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) and height (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02) improvement. Weight gain was also hindered by lack of electricity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04). Immune reconstitution and virological suppression were not associated with being underweight or stunted at study endpoint.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malnutrition was a major clinical concern for this cohort of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected children. Early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> initiation, tuberculosis co\u2010infection management and nutritional interventions are crucial to ensure optimal growth in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]],"date-time":"2016-02-26T03:16:41Z","timestamp":1456456601000},"page":"619-629","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Growth in <scp>HIV<\/scp>\u2010infected children on long\u2010term antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ute D.","family":"Feucht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Kalafong Hospital University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lore","family":"Van Bruwaene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Kalafong Hospital University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"University Hospital Gasthuisberg Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piet J.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Kruger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Stellenbosch Tygerberg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Saving Children 2009. 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