{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:43:04Z","timestamp":1789638184057,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ftirma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["111S179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111S179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report isolation of <jats:italic>Leishmania\u00a0major<\/jats:italic> strains obtained from 18 Turkish autochthonous cutaneous leishmaniasis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>) patients infected with <jats:italic>L.\u00a0major<\/jats:italic> between 2011 and 2014.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Initial diagnosis relied on microscopy and culture in enriched medium, prepared by adding specific amounts of liver extract, protein and lipid sources to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNN<\/jats:styled-content> medium. Promastigotes were then transferred to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPMI<\/jats:styled-content> medium including 10% of foetal calf serum for mass culture. Species\u2010specific real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> targeting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITS<\/jats:styled-content>1 region of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. was performed using both lesion aspiration samples and cultured promastigotes. Two of 18 isolates were identified by isoenzyme analysis in the Leishmaniasis Reference Center in Montpellier, France. Each isolate was inoculated into the footpads of six mice to observe the pathogenicity of <jats:italic>L.\u00a0major<\/jats:italic>. Developing lesions were observed, and the thickening of footpads was measured weekly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Melting curve analyses of 18 isolates showed a peak concordant with <jats:italic>L.\u00a0major<\/jats:italic>, and two of them were confirmed by isoenzyme analyses as <jats:italic>L.\u00a0major<\/jats:italic> zymodeme <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MON<\/jats:styled-content>103. In the mouse model, acute lesions seen on day 21 were accepted as an indication of heavy infection. Severe impairments were observed on all mouse footpads over 3\u00a0weeks, which even progressed to extremity amputation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis\u2010causing <jats:italic>L.\u00a0major<\/jats:italic> was recently identified in Adana province in southern Turkey, with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. Our study shows that such <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content> cases are not limited to Adana but currently present from western to Southeastern Anatolia, and along the Mediterranean coast. The role of small mammals, the main reservoirs of <jats:italic>L.\u00a0major<\/jats:italic> in Anatolia, needs to be elucidated, as do the underlying factors that cause severe clinical manifestations in <jats:italic>L.\u00a0major<\/jats:italic> infections in Turkey, contrary to the infections in neighbouring countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,2]],"date-time":"2016-04-02T15:42:49Z","timestamp":1459611769000},"page":"783-791","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Leishmaniasis in Turkey: first clinical isolation of <i>Leishmania major<\/i> from 18 autochthonous cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in four geographical regions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ahmet","family":"\u00d6zbilgin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Celal Bayar University Manisa 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