{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T17:49:26Z","timestamp":1788198566864,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,10]],"date-time":"2016-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Promoting handwashing with soap to mothers of young children can significantly reduce diarrhoea and pneumonia morbidity among children, but studies that measured long\u2010term behaviour after interventions rarely found improvements in handwashing habits. Expecting mothers may experience emotional and social changes that create a unique environment that may encourage adoption of improved handwashing habits. The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to an intensive handwashing intervention in the perinatal period (perinatal arm) was associated with improved maternal handwashing behaviour <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. exposure to the same intervention after the end of the perinatal period (post\u2010neonatal arm).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified primiparous women previously enrolled a randomised controlled handwashing intervention trial (November 2010\u2013December 2011) and observed handwashing behaviours at the home 1\u201314 months after completion of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content> (January\u2013May 2012). We observed maternal handwashing and estimated the prevalence ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content>) of maternal handwashing using log\u2010binomial regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 107 mothers in the perinatal arm and 105 mothers in the post\u2010neonatal arm. Handwashing with soap at recommended times was low overall (4.6%) and comparable between arms (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.9, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.5, 1.5).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This handwashing intervention was unable to develop and establish improved handwashing practices in primiparous women in rural Bangladesh. While pregnancy may present an opportunity and motivation to do so, further studies should assess whether social, individual and environmental influences overcome this motivation and prevent handwashing with soap among new mothers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T14:54:12Z","timestamp":1474296852000},"page":"1562-1571","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Is pregnancy a teachable moment to promote handwashing with soap among primiparous women in rural Bangladesh? 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Zaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shams","family":"El Arifeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavani K.","family":"Ram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health University at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Levels and Trends in Child Mortality Report 2011","author":"You 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