{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T13:25:47Z","timestamp":1773149147500,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV infection is associated with chronic systemic inflammation, with or without antiretroviral therapy. Consequences for foetal growth are not understood, particularly in settings where multiple maternal infections and malnutrition are common. The study was designed to examine maternal systemic circulating and umbilical cord blood cytokine concentrations in relation to birth anthropometry in a Tanzanian prospective cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 9\u2010plex panel of maternal plasma cytokines in HIV\u2010positive (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 44) and HIV\u2010negative (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 70) mothers and the same cytokines in umbilical cord blood collected at delivery was assayed. Linear regression modelled associations between maternal or cord blood cytokines and birth anthropometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Health indicators (haemoglobin, mid\u2010upper\u2010arm circumference, body mass index) in HIV\u2010positive mothers without considerable immunosuppression did not differ from HIV\u2010negative women. Despite this, HIV\u2010exposed infants had lower birthweight and length. Subgroup analyses indicated that HIV management using HAART was associated with lower plasma TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, as were longer durations of any antiretroviral therapy (\u22652 months). Greater maternal plasma TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> was associated with earlier delivery (\u22121.7 weeks, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.039) and lower birthweights (\u2212287 g; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.020), while greater umbilical cord TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (\u22121.43 cm; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.036) and IL\u201012p70 (\u22122.4 cm; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008) were associated with shorter birth length. Birthweight was inversely associated with cord IL\u201012p70 (\u2212723 g; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) and IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> (\u2212482 g, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007). Maternal cytokines during pregnancy did not correlate with umbilical cord cytokines at delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systemic inflammation identified in maternal plasma or umbilical cord blood was associated with poorer birth anthropometrics in HIV\u2010exposed and HIV\u2010unexposed infants. Controlling maternal and\/or foetal systemic inflammation may improve birth anthropometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]],"date-time":"2016-10-20T07:56:50Z","timestamp":1476950210000},"page":"52-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Maternal systemic or cord blood inflammation is associated with birth anthropometry in a Tanzanian prospective cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"A. L.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. H.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Urassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Medical Research Mwanza Research Centre Mwanza Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Medical Research Mwanza Research Centre Mwanza Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Andreasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Kinung'hi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Medical Research Mwanza Research Centre Mwanza Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Changalucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Medical Research Mwanza Research Centre Mwanza Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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