{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:58:54Z","timestamp":1791356334425,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]],"date-time":"2016-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To inform public health recommendations, we evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of current and hypothetical surveillance and vaccine response strategies against <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic> C meningitis epidemics in 2015 in Niger.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed reports of suspected and confirmed cases of meningitis from the region of Dosso during 2014 and 2015. Based on a definition of epidemic signals, the effectiveness and efficiency of surveillance and vaccine response strategies were evaluated by calculating the number of potentially vaccine\u2010preventable cases and number of vaccine doses needed per epidemic signal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 4763 weekly health area reports, collected in 90 health areas with 1282 suspected meningitis cases, were included. At a threshold of 10 per 100 000, the total number of estimated vaccine\u2010preventable cases was 29 with district\u2010level surveillance and vaccine response, 141 with health area\u2010level surveillance and vaccination and 339 with health area\u2010level surveillance and district\u2010level vaccination. While being most effective, the latter strategy required the largest number of vaccine doses (1.8 million), similar to the strategy of surveillance and vaccination at district level (1.3 million), whereas the strategy of surveillance and vaccination at health area level would have required only 0.8 million doses. Thus, efficiency was lowest for district\u2010level surveillance and highest for health area\u2010level surveillance with district\u2010level vaccination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this analysis, we found that effectiveness and efficiency were higher at health area\u2010level surveillance and district\u2010level vaccination than for other strategies. Use of <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic> C vaccines in a preventive strategy thus should be considered, in particular as most reactive vaccine response strategies in our analysis had little impact on disease burden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T16:46:44Z","timestamp":1479314804000},"page":"196-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evaluation of response strategies against epidemics due to <i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i> C in Niger"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Halima Boubacar","family":"Ma\u00efnassara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche M\u00e9dicale et Sanitaire Niamey Niger"},{"name":"Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit Institut Pasteur Paris France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie Cellule Pasteur UPMC Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garba Id\u00e9","family":"Oumarou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche M\u00e9dicale et Sanitaire Niamey Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassira","family":"Issaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche M\u00e9dicale et Sanitaire Niamey Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Sidiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche M\u00e9dicale et Sanitaire Niamey Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issa","family":"Idi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche M\u00e9dicale et Sanitaire Niamey Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Paul Moulia","family":"Pelat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche M\u00e9dicale et Sanitaire Niamey Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Fontanet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit Institut Pasteur Paris France"},{"name":"Conservatoire National des Arts et M\u00e9tiers Chaire Sant\u00e9 et D\u00e9veloppement Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith E.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit Institut Pasteur Paris France"},{"name":"EHESP French School of Public Health Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Meningococcal disease control in countries of the African meningitis belt, 2014","volume":"90","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2003.131407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511646"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019513"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"Epidemic group C meningococcal meningitis in Upper Volta, 1979","volume":"61","author":"Broome CV","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sequential outbreaks due to a new strain of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in northern Nigeria, 2013\u201014","volume":"6","author":"Funk A","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Curr Outbreaks"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"633","article-title":"Preparedness for outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in Africa: recommendations from a WHO expert consultation","volume":"90","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","volume-title":"Control of Epidemic Meningococcal Disease. 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