{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T09:23:59Z","timestamp":1761989039535},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]],"date-time":"2017-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens in geographically isolated Warao Amerindians in Venezuela.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this point prevalence survey, nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from 1064 Warao Amerindians: 504 children aged 0\u20134 years, 227 children aged 5\u201310 years and 333 caregivers. Written questionnaires were completed to obtain information on demographics and environmental risk factors. Anthropometric measurements were performed in children aged 0\u20134 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carriage rates of <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic> were 51%, 7%, 1% and 13%, respectively. Crowding index, method of cooking and tobacco exposure were not associated with increased carriage. In multivariable analysis, an increase in height\u2010for\u2010age Z score (i.e. improved chronic nutritional status) was associated with decreased odds of <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> colonisation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.76, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.70\u20130.83) in children aged 0\u20134 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Better knowledge of demographic and environmental risk factors facilitates better understanding of the dynamics of colonisation with respiratory bacteria in an Amerindian population. Poor chronic nutritional status was associated with increased pathogen carriage in children &lt;5 years of age. The high rates of stunting generally observed in indigenous children may fuel the acquisition of respiratory bacteria that can lead to respiratory and invasive disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T15:33:40Z","timestamp":1484062420000},"page":"407-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory pathogens in Warao Amerindians: significant relationship with stunting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Lilly M.","family":"Verhagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Tuberculosis Universidad Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meyke","family":"Hermsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismar A.","family":"Rivera\u2010Olivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Tuberculosis Universidad Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Carolina","family":"Sisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Tuberculosis Universidad Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marien I.","family":"de Jonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter W. 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