{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:49:12Z","timestamp":1775782152979,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the prevalence and causes of hearing impairment in Fundong Health District, North\u2010West Cameroon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We selected 51 clusters of 80 people (all ages) through probability proportionate to size sampling. Initial hearing screening was undertaken through an otoacoustic emission (OAE) test. Participants aged 4+ years who failed this test in both ears or for whom an OAE reading could not be taken underwent a manual pure\u2010tone audiometry (PTA) screening. Cases of hearing impairment were defined as those with pure\u2010tone average \u226541 dBHL in adults and \u226535 dBHL in children in the better ear, or children under age 4 who failed the OAE test in both ears. Each case with hearing loss was examined by an ear, nose and throat nurse who indicated the main likely cause.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined 3567 (86.9%) of 4104 eligible people. The overall prevalence of hearing impairment was 3.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.8\u20134.6). The prevalence was low in people aged 0\u201317 (1.1%, 0.7\u20131.8%) and 18\u201349 (1.1%, 0.5\u20132.6%) and then rose sharply in people aged 50+ (14.8%, 11.7\u201319.1%). Among cases, the majority were classified as moderate (76%), followed by severe (15%) and profound (9%). More than one\u2010third of cases of hearing impairment were classified as unknown (37%) or conductive (37%) causes, while sensorineural causes were less common (26%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of hearing impairment in North\u2010West Cameroon is in line with the WHO estimate for sub\u2010Saharan Africa. The majority of cases with known causes are treatable, with impacted wax playing a major role.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T04:07:09Z","timestamp":1484798829000},"page":"485-492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prevalence and causes of hearing impairment in Fundong Health District, North\u2010West Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Ferrite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Evidence in Disability London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine London UK"},{"name":"Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences Federal University of Bahia Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Islay","family":"Mactaggart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Evidence in Disability London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Kuper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Evidence in Disability London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Oye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sightsavers International Yaounde Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Polack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Evidence in Disability London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Deafness and hearing loss. Fact sheet N 300. Updated March 2015. (Available from:www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs300\/en\/) [06 Jul 2016]"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12640"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S26059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v2i0.1932"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO global estimates on prevalence of hearing loss: Mortality and burden of diseases and prevention of blindness and deafness.WHO:Geneva 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"753","article-title":"Cross\u2010sectional survey of hearing impairment and ear disease in Uganda","volume":"37","author":"Westerberg BD","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"RandrianarisoaT AndrianadisonM.Results of the survey on hearing loss in the province of Antananarivo Madagascar as provided by the Global Burden of Disease 2010 hearing loss expert group.2008[Unpublished]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"NwawoloCC. The WHO Ear and Hearing Disorders Survey Protocol: Practical Challenges in its use in a Developing Country (Nigeria). Informal Consultation on Epidemiology of Deafness and Hearing Impairment in Developing Countries and Update of the Who Protocol.WHO:Geneva 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2012.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckr176"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/25.1.198"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO ear and hearing disorders survey protocol for a population\u2010based survey of prevalence and causes of deafness and hearing impairment and other ear disorders. WHO\/PBD\/PDH\/99.8(1).WHO:Geneva 1999."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020902803120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-S4-S4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","unstructured":"Washington Group on Disability Statistics\/UNICEF.Module on Child Functioning and Disability. 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