{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T09:28:26Z","timestamp":1780824506784,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faucett Catalyst Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ebola virus disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVD<\/jats:styled-content>) can be clinically severe and highly fatal, making surveillance efforts for early disease detection of paramount importance. In areas with limited access to laboratory testing, the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDSR<\/jats:styled-content>) strategy in the Democratic Republic of Congo (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRC<\/jats:styled-content>) may be a vital tool in improving outbreak response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRC IDSR<\/jats:styled-content> data from the nation's four <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVD<\/jats:styled-content> outbreak periods from 2007\u20132014, we assessed trends of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VHF<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVD<\/jats:styled-content> differential diagnoses reportable through <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDSR<\/jats:styled-content>. With official case counts from active surveillance of EVD outbreaks, we assessed accuracy of reporting through the IDSR passive surveillance system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the active and passive surveillance represent distinct sets of data, the two were correlated, suggesting that passive surveillance based only on clinical evaluation may be a useful predictor of true cases prior to laboratory confirmation. There were 438 suspect <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VHF<\/jats:styled-content> cases reported through the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDSR<\/jats:styled-content> system and 416 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVD<\/jats:styled-content> cases officially recorded across the outbreaks examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although collected prior to official active surveillance cases, case reporting through the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDSR<\/jats:styled-content> during the 2007, 2008 and 2012 outbreaks coincided with official <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVD<\/jats:styled-content> epidemic curves. Additionally, all outbreak areas experienced increases in suspected cases for both malaria and typhoid fever during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVD<\/jats:styled-content> outbreaks, underscoring the importance of training health care workers in recognising <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVD<\/jats:styled-content> differential diagnoses and the potential for co\u2010morbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,27]],"date-time":"2017-06-27T02:18:41Z","timestamp":1498529921000},"page":"1141-1153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Detecting Ebola with limited laboratory access in the Democratic Republic of Congo: evaluation of a clinical passive surveillance reporting system"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hayley R.","family":"Ashbaugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fielding School of Public Health University of California Los 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