{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:55:45Z","timestamp":1781762145859,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005071","name":"Shiraz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91GCU1M2003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91GCU1M2003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the association between schizophrenia and <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii,<\/jats:italic> and to assess the association of infection with suicide attempts and age of onset of schizophrenia in these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case\u2013control study Fars Province, southern Iran. Cases were individuals with psychiatric diagnosis of schizophrenia as per Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>) criteria. Controls were healthy blood donors, frequency\u2010matched with patients according to age and sex. For the detection of IgG antibodies, enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>) was used. Data about demographic information in all subjects and duration of illness and history of suicide attempts in patients with schizophrenia were collected using a brief questionnaire and hospital records. Chi\u2010square test and multivariable logistic regression were used for statistical analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 99 cases, 42 individuals (42%) were positive for <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> antibody, <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 41 (27%) among 152 controls (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 2, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.2\u20133.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.012). We compared the suicide attempts in patients with schizophrenia based on their <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> serologic status. There was a lower rate of suicide attempts in seropositive male patients than seronegative ones (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.3, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.1\u20130.97, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04). Age of onset of schizophrenia did not differ between <jats:italic>T. gondii\u2010<\/jats:italic>infected and non\u2010infected patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings may have implications for schizophrenia and suicide prevention programmes. However, clearly further studies are required to confirm them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,22]],"date-time":"2017-07-22T12:36:37Z","timestamp":1500726997000},"page":"1322-1327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Association of <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> infection with schizophrenia and its relationship with suicide attempts in these patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Ansari\u2010Lari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Public Heath School of Veterinary Medicine Shiraz University Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Farashbandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahimeh","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Public Heath School of Veterinary Medicine Shiraz University Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0911.030143"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbl050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53490-3.00008-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npjschz.2015.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2015.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148435"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Relation between Toxoplasma gondii infections and schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Saraei\u2010Sahnesaraei M","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"476","article-title":"Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii in schizophrenia patients referred to Psychiatric Hospital, Sari City, Iran","volume":"27","author":"Daryani A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Toxoplasma infection in schizophrenia patients: a comparative study with control group","volume":"6","author":"Alipour A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbl073"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.073635"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.074716"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136716"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2015.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.1051033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e318221416e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181c29a23"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.08.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e32835035ca"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13811118.2016.1158677"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; 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