{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:31:36Z","timestamp":1760646696212},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005601","name":"University of Ghana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["URF\/7\/ILG\u2010028\/ 2013\u20132014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["URF\/7\/ILG\u2010028\/ 2013\u20132014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mass drug administration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content>) for the control of lymphatic filariasis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LF<\/jats:styled-content>), in Ghana, started in the year 2000. While this had great success in many implementation units, there remain areas with persistent transmission, after more than 10 years of treatment. A closer examination of the parasite populations could help understand the reasons for persistent infections and formulate appropriate strategies to control <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LF<\/jats:styled-content> in these areas of persistent transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a longitudinal study, we assessed the prevalence of microfilaraemia (mf) in two communities with 12 years of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content> in Ghana. In baseline surveys 6 months after the National <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content> in 2014, 370 consenting individuals were tested for antigenaemia using immunochromatographic test (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICT<\/jats:styled-content>) cards and had their mf count determined through night blood surveys. 48 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICT<\/jats:styled-content> positives, of whom, 17 were positive for mf, were treated with 400 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/kg ivermectin + 400 mg albendazole and subsequently followed for parasitological assessment at 3\u2010month intervals for 1 year. This overlapped with the National <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content> in 2015.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a 68% parasite clearance 3 months after treatment. The pre\u2010treatment mf count differed significantly from the post\u2010treatment mf counts at 3 months (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0023), 6 months (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0051), 9 months (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0113) and 12 months (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0008).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In these settings with persistent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LF<\/jats:styled-content> transmission, twice\u2010yearly treatment may help accelerate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LF<\/jats:styled-content> elimination. Further large\u2010scale evaluations are required to ascertain these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T09:08:43Z","timestamp":1505120923000},"page":"1451-1456","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Twelve\u2010month longitudinal parasitological assessment of lymphatic filariasis\u2010positive individuals: impact of a biannual treatment with ivermectin and albendazole"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"John N.","family":"Kanamitie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Collins S.","family":"Ahorlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Otchere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Aboagye\u2010Antwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bethel","family":"Kwansa\u2010Bentum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Boakye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nana\u2010Kwadwo","family":"Biritwum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neglected Tropical Diseases Programme Ghana Health Service Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dziedzom K.","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"489","article-title":"Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report, 2014","volume":"90","author":"WHO","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec\/Health Sect Secret League Nat"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Lymphatic Filariasis: A Handbook for National Elimination Programmes","author":"WHO","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.031047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Annual Report of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30171-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(96)90466-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005280"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trx007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(96)90414-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Lymphatic Filariasis Research and Control in Eastern and Southern Africa","author":"Wamae CN","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0507-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"WHO.Accelerating work to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases a roadmap for implementation 2012[cited 2015 August 18]. 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