{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T08:46:01Z","timestamp":1696063561399},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]],"date-time":"2017-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case\u2010based surveillance of bacterial meningitis in sentinel districts has been recommended after the introduction of the conjugated vaccine against <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic> serogroup A (NmA), MenAfriVac, in the African meningitis belt. Here we report data and lessons learnt from four years of surveillance in the district of Moissala, Chad.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All suspected cases of meningitis were referred free of charge to the district hospital for lumbar puncture and treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were tested with Pastorex latex agglutination in Moissala, and inoculated trans\u2010isolate media were used for culture and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> at the national reference laboratory and\/or at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From July 2012 to December 2016, 237 suspected cases of meningitis were notified, and a specimen was collected from 224. Eighty\u2010three samples were positive for a bacterial pathogen by culture, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> or Pastorex, including 58 cases due to <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> with only 28 of 49 pneumococcal meningitis confirmed by culture or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> correctly identified by Pastorex. Four cases of NmA were detected by Pastorex, but none were confirmed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Implementation of case\u2010based surveillance for meningitis is feasible in Chad, but has required political and technical engagement. Given the high proportion of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and its poor detection by Pastorex, continued use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> is warranted for surveillance outside of outbreaks, and efforts to accelerate the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are needed. Introduction of MenAfriVac in routine immunisation and future availability of a pentavalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine will be key elements for the sustained reduction in meningitis outbreaks in the area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]],"date-time":"2017-10-09T20:02:40Z","timestamp":1507579360000},"page":"1561-1568","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Four years of case\u2010based surveillance of meningitis following the introduction of MenAfriVac in Moissala, Chad: lessons learned"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Anne\u2010Laure","family":"Page","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicentre Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Coldiron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicentre Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kadidja","family":"Gamougam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence National N'Djamena Chad"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmaat Ali","family":"Acyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique N'Djamena Chad"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mbaihol","family":"Tamadji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique N'Djamena Chad"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Lastrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Northan","family":"Hurtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois\u2010Charles","family":"Tehoua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Fermon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominique A.","family":"Caugant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Porten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicentre Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]},"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftmi.12987","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tmi.12987","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T11:12:05Z","timestamp":1695985925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tmi.12987"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tmi.12987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tmi.12987","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]}}}