{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:03:28Z","timestamp":1787756608543,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]],"date-time":"2017-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008895","name":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>Interleukin\u201010 (IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010) is an anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine produced by Th1 cells and macrophages. The rationale of this study was to examine and validate possible contributions of IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010<\/jats:italic> promoter polymorphisms in sub\u2010Saharan Africa in children infected with either Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> or Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic> and in children co\u2010infected with both parasites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>A total of 309 Nigerian children aged 4\u201315 years were recruited. The study group consisted of individuals infected either with P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> (n<\/jats:italic> = 76) or S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> (n<\/jats:italic> = 94) in mono\u2010infections, a group of children co\u2010infected with both P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> and S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> (n<\/jats:italic> = 62) and matched healthy controls (n<\/jats:italic> = 77). The IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010<\/jats:italic> promoter polymorphisms \u20101082G\/A, \u2010819C\/T and \u2010592C\/A were genotyped by direct sequencing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The frequencies of the IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 \u20101082GG<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> genotype, the \u20101082G<\/jats:italic> allele and haplotype GCC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> (positions \u20101082, \u2010819 and \u2010592) were higher in children infected with P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> than in healthy controls, indicating that the \u20101082GG<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> genotype and the \u20101082G<\/jats:italic> allele and the GCC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> haplotype are associated with increased susceptibility to malaria infection (OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 3.4, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.2\u201310.8, P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02; OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 2.5, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.1\u20133.4, P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02; OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 3.8, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> = 2.0\u20137.2, P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001, respectively). Children with the \u20101082GG<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> genotype had a higher parasitaemia than children with the \u20101082AA<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> or \u20101082AG<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> genotypes (P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0017). Haplotype GCC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> occurred more frequently in children infected with S. haematobium,<\/jats:italic> while haplotype GTA<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> was less frequent than in controls (OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 2.2, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.2\u20134.4, P<\/jats:italic> = 0.017 and OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.1, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.02\u20130.5, P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0004, respectively). No differences in the frequencies of IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010<\/jats:italic> promoter polymorphisms were observed between children with P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\u2013S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> co\u2010infections and healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Although IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010<\/jats:italic> promoter polymorphisms are not associated with P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> and S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> co\u2010infection, variant \u20101082G\/A and haplotype GCC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> are associated with malaria, whereas the IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010<\/jats:italic> haplotypes GCC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and GTA<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> are associated with schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]],"date-time":"2017-11-13T12:56:41Z","timestamp":1510577801000},"page":"45-52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Differential contribution of interleukin\u201010 promoter variants in malaria and schistosomiasis mono\u2010 and co\u2010infections among Nigerian children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ayodele","family":"Adedoja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Osogbo Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nghiem Xuan","family":"Hoan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoang","family":"van Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selorme","family":"Adukpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah B.","family":"Tijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Osogbo Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Ajibola A.","family":"Akanbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian G.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Duy Tan University Da Nang Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnamese\u2010German Centre for Excellence in Medical Research Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olusola","family":"Ojurongbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Osogbo 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