{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T11:02:06Z","timestamp":1769079726674,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]],"date-time":"2017-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GPO\u2010A\u201000\u201003\u201000003\u201000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GPO\u2010A\u201000\u201003\u201000003\u201000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AID\u2010OAA\u2010A14\u201000013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID\u2010OAA\u2010A14\u201000013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), which include standardised questions on female genital fistula symptoms, provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the epidemiology of fistula. This study sought to examine associations between self\u2010reported fistula symptoms and experience of gender\u2010based violence (GBV) among women interviewed in DHS surveys.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study used data from thirteen DHS surveys with standardised fistula and domestic violence modules. Data from the most recent survey in each country were pooled, weighting each survey equally. Multivariable logistic regressions controlled for maternal and demographic factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of fistula symptoms in this sample of 95 625 women ranges from 0.3% to 1.8% by country. The majority of women reporting fistula symptoms (56%) have ever experienced physical violence, and more than one\u2010quarter have ever experienced sexual violence (27%), compared with 38% and 13% among women with no symptoms, respectively. Similarly, 16% of women with fistula symptoms report recently experiencing sexual violence\u2014twice the percentage among women not reporting symptoms (8%). Women whose first experience of sexual violence was from a non\u2010partner have almost four times the odds of reporting fistula symptoms compared with women who never experienced sexual violence. These associations indicate a need to investigate temporal and causal relationships between violence and fistula.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increased risk of physical and sexual violence among women with fistula symptoms suggests that fistula programmes should incorporate GBV into provider training and services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]],"date-time":"2017-11-15T14:26:36Z","timestamp":1510755996000},"page":"106-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The association between female genital fistula symptoms and gender\u2010based violence: A multicountry secondary analysis of household survey data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Mallick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The DHS Program\/Avenir Health Rockville MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vandana","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fistula Care Plus Project EngenderHealth New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(08)31350-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2445-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2008.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S68382"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2013.824018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-011-1622-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"118","article-title":"Current evidence supporting obstetric fistula prevention strategies in sub Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Banke\u2010Thomas AO","year":"2014","journal-title":"Afr J Reprod Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Fistula Care Plus Project: Partnering for an Enabled Environment: National Strategies 2013. 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