{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:04:57Z","timestamp":1790103897317,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,26]],"date-time":"2017-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000341","name":"Arthritis Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["095878\/Z\/11Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["095878\/Z\/11Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing numbers of children with HIV are surviving to adolescence and encountering multiple clinical and social consequences of long\u2010standing HIV infection. We aimed to investigate the association between HIV and disability, social functioning and school inclusion among 6\u2010 to 16\u2010year\u2010olds in Zimbabwe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV\u2010infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy from a public\u2010sector HIV clinic and HIV\u2010uninfected children attending primary care clinics in the same catchment area were recruited. Standardised questionnaires were used to collect socio\u2010demographic, social functioning and disability data. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between HIV status and disability and functioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recruited 202 HIV\u2010infected and 285 HIV\u2010uninfected children. There was no difference in age and gender between the two groups, but a higher proportion of HIV\u2010infected children were orphaned. The prevalence of any disability was higher in HIV\u2010infected than uninfected children (37.6% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 18.5%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). HIV\u2010infected children were more likely to report anxiety (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.4; 95% CI 2.4, 8.1), low mood (aOR 4.2; 2.1, 8.4) and difficulty forming friendships (aOR 14.8; 1.9, 116.6) than uninfected children. Children with HIV also reported more missed school days, repeating a school year and social exclusion in class. These associations remained apparent when comparing children with HIV and disability to those with HIV but no disabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with HIV commonly experience disabilities, and this is associated with social and educational exclusion. Rehabilitation and support services are needed to facilitate educational attainment and social participation in this group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T13:52:43Z","timestamp":1511272363000},"page":"149-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Disability, social functioning and school inclusion among older children and adolescents living with HIV in Zimbabwe"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ruramayi","family":"Rukuni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute Harare Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"McHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Majonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute Harare Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Clinical Research Department Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Kranzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilda","family":"Mujuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shungu","family":"Munyati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kusum","family":"Nathoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia L.","family":"Gregson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Musculoskeletal Research Unit School of Clinical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Kuper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Evidence in Disability London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashida A.","family":"Ferrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute Harare Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Clinical Research Department Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS.Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS Aidsinfo Regional Datasheet 2015. 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