{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:04:01Z","timestamp":1785855841944,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]],"date-time":"2018-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To ascertain the level of awareness and attitudes towards cervical cancer among secondary school students in Nigeria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional survey of 432 female senior secondary school students in south\u2010eastern Nigeria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 321 (74.3%) responses were valid; 42.7% had heard of cervical cancer, 32.8% of screening, 23.2% of Pap smears and 22.0% of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> vaccinations. No widely available reliable source of information exists. General knowledge about Pap smears (41.8%) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> (43.1%) was poor, as was specific knowledge about their benefits, timing and frequency, and about <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> vaccinations, but associated attitudes were moderately positive at 60.2% and 65.1%, respectively. Awareness of cervical cancers increases knowledge about when to start screening (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.30; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02) and about early symptoms of cervical cancer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.56; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall knowledge of cervical cancer is poor, but attitudes are positive. Awareness campaigns are therefore necessary, and are expected to be effective. Campaigns should target teenage females, and commencing teaching in high schools of developing countries, through materials included in their academic curricula, is recommended.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,8]],"date-time":"2018-05-08T01:19:41Z","timestamp":1525742381000},"page":"714-723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Knowledge and attitudes about cervical cancer and its prevention among female secondary school students in Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Chris O.","family":"Ifediora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith University Medical School Gold Coast Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel C.","family":"Azuike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Awka Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer. 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