{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T14:22:45Z","timestamp":1792765365497,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,5]],"date-time":"2018-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009122","name":"Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009122","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the seroprevalence of dengue in central and eastern Sudan and the breadth of neutralising antibody responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood was drawn from 483 patients with fever who visited outpatient clinics in Port Sudan, Red Sea state, in three towns in Kassala state and in El Obeid, North Kordofan, in December 2012 and January 2013. Sera were tested for dengue virus IgG and IgM by ELISA (Panbio) and sera without serologic evidence of acute infection (IgM negative) were used for the analysis of the seroprevalence. DENV neutralisation tests were performed to determine the specificity of the ELISA and to examine the degree of cross\u2010neutralisation of multiple DENV serotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010seven per cent (302 of 448) of the sera were dengue virus IgG\u2010positive. The seroprevalence in Port Sudan was 89% (106 of 119 sera), in Kassala 61% (128 of 209) and in North Kordofan 56.7% (68 of 120). Thirty\u2010one of 32 ELISA\u2010positive sera neutralised dengue viruses indicating that the ELISA was highly specific. The majority of the sera broadly neutralised all four dengue virus serotypes indicating multiple infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of the population in central and eastern Sudan has been infected with dengue viruses, many people repeatedly. The high seroprevalence underscores the need for extended dengue surveillance in Sudan, broad disease awareness in medical institutions and in the population and diagnostic capacity building for severe dengue infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,16]],"date-time":"2018-06-16T06:14:10Z","timestamp":1529129650000},"page":"960-967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["High seroprevalence of dengue virus indicates that dengue virus infections are frequent in central and eastern Sudan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Awadalkareem","family":"Adam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Virology University Clinics and Medical Faculty University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Sch\u00fcttoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Virology University Clinics and Medical Faculty University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Reiche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Virology University Clinics and Medical Faculty University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Jassoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Virology University Clinics and Medical Faculty University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Dengue and severe dengue [Fact sheet];2017(Available from:http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs117\/en\/) [14 Nov 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1349","article-title":"Dengue virus infection in Africa","volume":"17","author":"Amarasinghe A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005194"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2010.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/2012.18.12.1217"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001821"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Dengue fever outbreak in Red Sea State Sudan. World Health Organization;2014. (Available from:http:\/\/www.emro.who.int\/sdn\/sudan-news\/sudan-dengue-outbreak2014.html) [11 Dec 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-7-153"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23218"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"Radio Dabanga.OCHA: Suspected dengue fever cases in Sudan reaches 612;2016. (Available from:https:\/\/www.dabangasudan.org\/en\/all-news\/article\/ocha-suspected-dengue-fever-cases-in-sudan-reach-612) [14 Nov 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"News Desk.Sudan reports increase in dengue fever;2017. (Available from:http:\/\/outbreaknewstoday.com\/sudan-reports-increase-dengue-fever-90385\/) [4 May 2018]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199602)48:2<141::AID-JMV4>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"228","article-title":"Arthopd\u2010borne viral infections associated with a fever outbreak in the Northern Province of Sudan","volume":"97","author":"Watts DM","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Trop Med Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"319","article-title":"Dengue fever in a border state between Sudan and Republic of South Sudan: epidemiological perspectives","volume":"5","author":"Soghaier MA","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Public Health Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2015.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2014.19.391.5439"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.208"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"Radio Dabanga.Refugees from South Kordofan continue to pour into El Obeid;2011. (Available from:https:\/\/www.dabangasudan.org\/en\/all-news\/article\/refugees-from-south-kordofan-continue-to-pour-into-el-obeid) [14 Nov 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2015.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","volume-title":"Dengue Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2459"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2012.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0384-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003906"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-216"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12903"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1913-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Integrated Vector Management;2018. (Available from:http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/vector_ecology\/ivm_concept\/en) [4 May 2018]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit273"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005471"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftmi.13116","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tmi.13116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T21:17:15Z","timestamp":1694985435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tmi.13116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tmi.13116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tmi.13116","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-07-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}