{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:33:15Z","timestamp":1763037195319},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]],"date-time":"2018-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001663","name":"Volkswagen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>A sound knowledge of the vector\u2010host\u2010parasite transmission dynamics is a prerequisite for adequate control measures of vector\u2010borne diseases. To achieve this, an entomological investigation was conducted in the cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) endemic focus of Mokolo District, northern Cameroon to identify the insect vector(s) of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phlebotomine sand flies were collected in and around Mokolo using New Standard CDC Miniature Light Traps. Individual sand flies were used for morphological species identification, and the remainder of the body for DNA analysis. Sand flies were demonstrated to harbour <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. parasites using ITS1 PCR. Mitochondrial vertebrate\u2010specific <jats:italic>Cytochrome b<\/jats:italic> \u2010PCR was used to identify blood meals ingested by female sand flies. PCR amplicons were sequenced for <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> and blood sources discrimination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study revealed the presence of <jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic> complex DNA (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1) in <jats:italic>Phlebotomus duboscqi<\/jats:italic> and of lizard\u2010borne <jats:italic>Leishmania tarentolae<\/jats:italic>\u2010like DNA (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3) in <jats:italic>Sergentomyia spp<\/jats:italic>. in 79 sand fly specimens from Mokolo district.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The causative agent of CL could not be detected in potential vectors. Instead, we found evidence for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) parasites in <jats:italic>Phlebotomus duboscqi<\/jats:italic> as well as enzootic reptile parasites in the Mokolo area. We recommend that an epidemiological survey be carried out in the area to evaluate the prevalence and eventually describe the clinical manifestations of VL in the human population. Political instability in neighbouring countries and the resulting refugee migration are likely explanations for the emergence of VL in Mokolo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T10:03:42Z","timestamp":1530093822000},"page":"1014-1021","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["First detection of <i>Leishmania donovani<\/i> in sand flies from Cameroon and its epidemiological implications"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Aim\u00e9 Ngouateu","family":"Tateng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Biology and Applied Ecology University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon"},{"name":"Laboratory of the Leishmaniasis Research Project Mokolo District Hospital Mokolo Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oscar David","family":"Kirstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omer B\u00e9b\u00e9","family":"Ngouateu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of the Leishmaniasis Research Project Mokolo District Hospital Mokolo Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Animal Biology and Physiology University of Yaound\u00e9 I Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Branch Bundeswehr\u2010Hospital Hamburg Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"von Stebut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venerology University of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent Khan","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Biology and Applied Ecology University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Warburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blaise","family":"Dondji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of the Leishmaniasis Research Project Mokolo District Hospital Mokolo Cameroon"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology Central Washington University Ellensburg WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"WHO Expert Committee on the Control of the Leishmaniases & World Health Organization.Control of the leishmaniases: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Commitee on the Control of Leishmaniases Geneva 22\u201326 March 2010 Geneva 2010: xiii 186 pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Note sur un cas de kala\u2010azar infantile observ\u00e9 au Gabon","volume":"13","author":"Tournier E","year":"1920","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761993000200030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004947559402400221"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"597","article-title":"First cases of imported cutaneous leishmaniasis in Bangui Central African Republic: efficacy of metronidazole","volume":"63","author":"Kassa\u2010Kalembo E","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Trop"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S44267"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"928","article-title":"Note sur la leishmaniose cutan\u00e9e au Cameroun","volume":"35","author":"Herv\u00e9 M","year":"1937","journal-title":"Ann M\u00e9d Phar Colon"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)90810-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"156","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Cameroon. 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