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We recorded adherence measures (self\u2010report, pill\u2010count, drug\u2010assays for isoniazid and rifampicin in urine and pyrazinamide in saliva), difficulties administering medication and Peds<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2122questionnaires for health\u2010related quality\u2010of\u2010life (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRQ<\/jats:styled-content>oL) and family impact.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> group (6\u2010months follow\u2010up, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 195), more children had above\u2010median <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRQ<\/jats:styled-content>oL\u2010scores in the intervention group than in the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.009). Problems reported administering medication declined between baseline and follow\u2010up for controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.043). Disclosure of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> status to the child increased between baseline and follow\u2010up in both groups (intervention <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001; control <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.031). In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBM<\/jats:styled-content> group (3\u2010months follow\u2010up, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 43), all adherence measures remained high for both intervention and controls, except for rifampicin which declined between baseline and follow\u2010up in the intervention group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.031). The intervention group maintained above median <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRQ<\/jats:styled-content>oL\u2010scores between baseline and follow\u2010up, when the number of children with above\u2010median <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRQ<\/jats:styled-content>oL\u2010scores decreased in the controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.063). More children in the intervention group had above\u2010median family impact\u2010scores than controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.040).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The low\u2010cost, culturally friendly treatment\u2010support intervention had beneficial effects on health\u2010related quality of life, family impact, caregiver disclosure of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> status to the child, increased caregiver reporting of medication non\u2010adherence and caregiver reporting of difficulties administering medication. Treatment adherence was not significantly affected in either <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBM<\/jats:styled-content> group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T05:55:34Z","timestamp":1533621334000},"page":"1129-1140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A treatment\u2010support intervention evaluated in South African paediatric populations with HIV infection or tuberculous meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sabine L.","family":"van Elsland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Tygerberg Hospital Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remco P.H.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anova Health Institute Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten O.","family":"Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Governance Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management at Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"van Toorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Tygerberg Hospital Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Springer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Tygerberg Hospital Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark F.","family":"Cotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tygerberg Hospital KIDS\u2010CRU Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis J.","family":"Grobbelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anova Health Institute Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Aarnoutse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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