{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:51:39Z","timestamp":1790520699210,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetes is a major and fast\u2010growing public health problem in Southeast Asia. We determined the prevalence of pre\u2010diabetes and diabetes and assessed the levels of awareness, treatment and control in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A national cross\u2010sectional study based on a stratified cluster random sampling was conducted in 2013. The sample comprised 2492 individuals aged 18\u201364\u00a0years (59.3% females; mean age 38.7\u00a0years, SD\u00a0=\u00a012.8) from Lao PDR. We followed the WHO STEPS method: step 1, questionnaire interview; step 2, anthropometric and Blood Pressure (BP) measurements; and step 3, biochemistry tests. Multinominal logistic regression was used to investigate the determinants of pre\u2010diabetes and diabetes (fasting plasma glucose levels\u00a0\u2265\u00a07.0\u00a0mmol\/L; or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs; or having a history of diagnosis of diabetes).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>5.7% of the population had diabetes, 4.7% of men and 6.4% of women, and 2.3% had pre\u2010diabetes, 1.8% of men and 2.6% of women. Only 14.1% of the population sample indicated that they had ever their blood glucose measured by a health\u2010care worker. This was higher in urban (20.9%) than rural (10.9%) dwellers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and among female (16.6%) than male (10.5%) participants (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Among those with diabetes, 58.1% were aware of their diabetes status, 40.3% were taking treatment and 10.9% had controlled diabetes. The factor independently associated with impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) or pre\u2010diabetes was central obesity (Adjusted Relative Risk Ratio\u2010ARRR: 3.92, Confidence Interval\u2010CI: 1.89, 8.14) but none of the other health (general body weight, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, substance use, hypertension and cholesterol) and sociodemographic (age, sex, education, employment status, marital status, ethno\u2010linguistic group and residence status) variables. Factors independently associated with diabetes were older age (ARRR: 5.12, CI: 1.55, 10.20), central obesity (ARRR: 2.15, CI: 1.16, 4.00), low or moderate physical activity (ARRR: 0.75, CI: 0.60, 0.93), having hypertension (ARRR: 1.68, CI: 1.01, 2.83), and dyslipidaemia (ARRR: 1.75, CI: 1.08, 2.81).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A public health response is needed in the form of integrated and comprehensive action targeting major non\u2010communicable diseases in the country.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T19:03:58Z","timestamp":1539198238000},"page":"65-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prevalence and social and health determinants of pre\u2010diabetes and diabetes among adults in Laos: a cross\u2010sectional national population\u2010based survey, 2013"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Manithong","family":"Vonglokham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lao Tropical and Public Health Institution Vientiane Lao PDR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sengchanh","family":"Kounnavong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lao Tropical and Public Health Institution Vientiane Lao PDR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanphanom","family":"Sychareun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Postgraduate Studies University of Health Sciences Ministry of Health Vientiane Lao PDR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supa","family":"Pengpid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASEAN Institute for Health Development Mahidol University Salaya, Phutthamonthon Nakhonpathom Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation University of Limpopo Turfloop South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Peltzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Management of Science and Technology Development Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60861-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"World Bank.World Bank Country and Lending Groups 2018. (Available from:https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups) [10 June 2018]"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"VangC MelanieC PhoxayCet\u00a0al.Report on STEPS Survey on Non Communicable Diseases Rick Factors in Vientiane Capital city Lao PDR 2010. (Available fromwww.who.int\/ncds\/surveillance\/steps\/2008_STEPS_Report_Laos.pdf) [12 June 2018]"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00618-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1654530"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.168118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187670"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Prevalence and awareness of diabetes in Guinea: findings from a WHO STEPS","volume":"22","author":"Balde NM","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endocr Metab Diabetes S Afr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-14-41"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12663"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u2013 Diabetes country profiles 2016. Lao People's Democratic Republic. (Available fromhttp:\/\/www.who.int\/diabetes\/country-profiles\/lao_en.pdf) [12 June 2018]"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00920.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"Global Report on Diabetes","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005497"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000357332"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.STEPwise Approach to Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS). (Available fromhttp:\/\/www.who.int\/chp\/steps\/riskfactor\/en\/) [18 Mar 2018]"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) Analysis Guide","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008002802"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).Waist Circumference and Waist\u2010hip Ratio Report of a WHO Expert Consultation Geneva 8\u201311 December 2008 2011. (Available from:http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2011\/9789241501491eng.pdf) [15 May 2018]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","unstructured":"The United Nations in Lao PDR.Country Analysis Report: Lao PDR Analysis to inform the Lao People's Democratic Republic\u2013 United Nations Partnership Framework (2017\u20132021) 2015. (Available fromhttp:\/\/www.la.undp.org\/content\/lao_pdr\/en\/home\/library\/mdg\/country-analysis-report.html) [22 June 2018]"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"Lao National NCD Policy and MSA Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2014\u20132020","author":"Chu V","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).Western Pacific. Noncommunicable Diseases 2018. (Available fromhttp:\/\/www.wpro.who.int\/laos\/topics\/noncommunicable_diseases\/en\/) [23 June 2018]"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftmi.13164","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tmi.13164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T04:41:03Z","timestamp":1694666463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tmi.13164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tmi.13164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tmi.13164","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-10-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}