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Baseline measures were taken in October 2014, annual mass drug administration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content>) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content> was delivered in December, and in March 2015 further <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content> was offered to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive cases who had missed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content>. Follow\u2010up measures were taken in February and June 2015.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 50 antigen\u2010positive cases and 46 antigen\u2010negative controls were included. Self\u2010reported <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content> consumption was 60.1% during 2014 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content> and 66.2% overall. At second follow\u2010up, 24 of 34 cases and 27 of 43 controls had consumed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>. Significant and clinically relevant between\u2010group differences at baseline were not found post\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>. Bayesian linear mixed models showed a significant change in indurometer scores at both calves for antigen\u2010positive cases who consumed any <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content> (dominant calf: \u22120.30 [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> \u22120.52, \u22120.07], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 and non\u2010dominant calf: \u22120.35 [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> \u22120.58, \u22120.12], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Changes in antigen\u2010negative participants or those not consuming <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content> were not significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is the first attempt to use simple field\u2010friendly tools to track fluid and tissue changes after treatment of asymptomatic people infected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LF<\/jats:styled-content>. Results suggested that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content> alone is sufficient to reverse covert lymphatic disturbance. Longer follow\u2010up of larger cohorts is required to confirm these improvements and whether they persist over time. These findings should prompt increased efforts to overcome low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content> coverage, which misses many infected young people, particularly males, who are unaware of their infection status, unmotivated to take <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content> and at risk of developing lymphoedema. Indurometry and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BIS<\/jats:styled-content> should be considered in assessment of lymphatic filariasis\u2010related lymphedema.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T06:03:58Z","timestamp":1549001038000},"page":"463-476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Preventive chemotherapy reverses covert, lymphatic\u2010associated tissue change in young people with lymphatic filariasis in Myanmar"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Janet","family":"Douglass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases Department of Tropical Diseases Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool UK"},{"name":"College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Sciences Division of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia"},{"name":"James Cook University WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases Townsville QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukah","family":"Dykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University Bedford Park SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Kelly\u2010Hope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases Department of Tropical Diseases Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool UK"},{"name":"James Cook University WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases Townsville QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Cook University WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases Townsville QLD Australia"},{"name":"College of Nursing &amp; Health Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Leggat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Sciences Division of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia"},{"name":"James Cook University WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases Townsville QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ni Ni","family":"Aye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Control Unit Department of Health Ministry of Health and Sports Nay Pyi Taw Myanmar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"San San","family":"Win","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Unit World Health Organization Country Office Yangon Myanmar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tint","family":"Wai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Vector Borne Diseases Control Unit Department of Public Health Ministry of Health and Sports Mandalay Myanmar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi Yi","family":"Win","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Literacy Promotion Unit Department of Public Health Ministry of Health and Sports Nay Pyi Taw Myanmar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thet Wai","family":"Nwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Control Unit Department of Health Ministry of Health and Sports Nay Pyi Taw Myanmar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases Department of Tropical Diseases Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool UK"},{"name":"James Cook University WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases Townsville QLD Australia"},{"name":"College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences Division of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Cairns QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. 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