{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T08:06:24Z","timestamp":1791446784332,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Echocardiographic screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content>) in Africa has revealed prevalence rates in the range of 0.5\u20137.4%. There are no recent large population\u2010based studies in Nigeria. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content> in a large sample of Nigerian school children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using portable transthoracic echocardiography and auscultation, school children aged 5\u00a0years to 16\u00a0years in Lagos, Nigeria were screened for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content>. Diagnosis was based on the 2012 World Heart Federation echocardiographic criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 4107 children screened had mean age of 11.3\u00a0years (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.6) and 2206 (53.7%) were females. There were 38 children with abnormal echocardiograms, of which 11 (0.27%) showed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content> including two cases of definite <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content> giving a prevalence of 2.7\/1000 [2.9\/1000 in the peri\u2010urban, 2.4\/1000 in the urban area). Echocardiography detected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content> 10 times better than auscultation [echocardiography 11 (0.27%) <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. auscultation 1 (0.02%); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003]. The remaining 27 children with abnormal echocardiograms had congenital heart defects (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHD<\/jats:styled-content>) giving a prevalence of 6.6\/1000 for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHD<\/jats:styled-content>, a yield higher than for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content> among school children in Lagos, South West Nigeria is low compared to other African countries, possibly due to better access to medical care and antibiotic treatment for infections. Our data provides evidence that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence may vary substantially within sub\u2010Saharan Africa, necessitating targeted population\u2010based sampling to better understand disease burden and distribution. Further work is needed to compare within\u2010 and between\u2010country <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHD<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence as a basis for programme planning and control efforts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T08:00:31Z","timestamp":1554192031000},"page":"757-765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Echocardiographic screening of 4107 Nigerian school children for rheumatic heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ekanem N.","family":"Ekure","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Lagos University Teaching Hospital Lagos 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