{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T21:07:57Z","timestamp":1769202477469,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CM18\/00100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CM18\/00100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the nutritional, clinical and immunological status of children at HIV diagnosis in the continental region of Equatorial Guinea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children &lt;18\u00a0years diagnosed with HIV between 2009 and 2017 were included. Clinical, immunological and nutritional data were collected. Weight\u2010for\u2010height, weight\u2010for\u2010age and height\u2010for\u2010age Z\u2010scores were calculated using WHO Child Growth Standards. The population was assessed in two equal periods (2009\u20132013 and 2014\u20132017) from the time of diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 213 children were diagnosed with HIV (49.3% males), median age 3.8\u00a0years (IQR: 1.5\u20138.2). A total of 121 cases (56.8%) were at WHO clinical stage III, and 53 (24.9%) were at WHO clinical stage IV. CDC immunological stage II was diagnosed in 51\/130 (39.2%) and CDC stage III in 44\/130 (33.8%). About 56.2% of children were underweight (weight\u2010for\u2010age &lt;\u22122 SD); 20.1% moderately and 36.1% severely so. About 27.6% of children were wasted (weight\u2010for\u2010height &lt;\u22122 SD); 11.9% moderately and 15.7% severely so. About 56.3% of children were stunted (height\u2010for\u2010age &lt;\u22122 SD); 20.7% moderately and 35.6% severely so. The prevalence of wasting was higher in children \u22645\u00a0years than in children &gt;5\u00a0years (36.4% vs. 19.1%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.026). In the second period, the prevalence of moderate\u2010severe immunodeficiency decreased (87.2% to 67.0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.018), without significant differences in the other nutritional or clinical data. Severe underweight was a risk factor for moderate\u2010severe immunodeficiency (aOR: 4 [95% CI: 1.4\u201311.4], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.010).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We highlight a high proportion of malnutrition at the time of HIV diagnosis in Guinea\u00b4s paediatric population. Early diagnosis of HIV infection is a priority, achievable by training Guinea\u00b4s physicians to suspect HIV early, introducing HIV molecular diagnostic techniques and ensuring intensive nutritional treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T07:24:44Z","timestamp":1572506684000},"page":"248-254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nutritional, clinical and immunological status of children at HIV diagnosis in the continental region of Equatorial Guinea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Aguilera\u2010Alonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Grasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elo\u00edsa","family":"Cervantes Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Medicina Tropical Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Eyene Bacale Ayeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Unit of Paediatric Infectious Diseases Hospital Regional Bata Equatorial Guinea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adelina","family":"Endje Moliko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Unit of Paediatric Infectious Diseases Hospital Regional Bata Equatorial Guinea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Medicina Tropical Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Policarpo","family":"Ncogo Ada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Medicina Tropical Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"UNICEF WHO World Bank U\u2010DPD.Levels & Trends in Child Mortality Child Mortality Report 2017 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-303348"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"Rep\u00fablica de Guinea Ecuatorial.Informe Nacional sobre los progresos realizados en la lucha contra el VIH\/SIDA en Guinea Ecuatorial. 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