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Empiric treatment with cefixime 400\u00a0mg once daily for five days was the clinical protocol; however, due to resource variability, only a subset of patients received treatment. Data on sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, malaria status and Ebola viral loads were collected. The primary outcome was mortality compared between cases treated with cefixime within 48\u00a0h of admission to those not treated within 48\u00a0h. Propensity scores were derived using clinical covariates. Mortality between treated and untreated cases was compared using propensity\u2010matched conditional logistic regression and bootstrapped log\u2010linear regression analyses to calculate an odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR), respectively, with associated 95% confidence intervals (CI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 424 cases analysed, 360 (84.9%) met the cefixime treatment definition. The mean age was 30.5\u00a0years and 40.3% were male. Median cefixime treatment duration was 4\u00a0days (IQR: 3, 5). Among cefixime\u2010treated patients, mortality was 54.7% (95% CI: 49.6\u201359.8%) <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 73.4% (95% CI: 61.5\u201382.7%) in untreated patients. In conditional logistic regression, mortality likelihood was significantly lower among cases receiving cefixime (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.48, 95% CI: 0.32\u20130.71; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01). In the bootstrap analysis, a non\u2010significant risk reduction was found with cefixime treatment (RR\u00a0=\u00a00.82, 95% CI: 0.64\u20131.16, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.11).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early oral cefixime may be associated with reduced mortality in EVD and warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T07:38:55Z","timestamp":1578469135000},"page":"433-441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association between treatment with oral third\u2010generation cephalosporin antibiotics and mortality outcomes in Ebola virus disease: a multinational retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Adam R.","family":"Aluisio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiromi M.","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical Corps Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derrick","family":"Yam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Statistical Sciences Department of Biostatistics Brown University School of Public Health Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Garbern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian L.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Logan","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayan","family":"Woldemichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical Corps Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health Monrovia Liberia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Massaquoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health Monrovia Liberia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Foday","family":"Sahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Statistical Sciences Department of Biostatistics Brown University School of Public Health Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam C.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.Ebola Situation Reports 2017. 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