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This is a post hoc analysis of baseline data from the BREATHE clinical trial (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>, NCT02426112).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children and adolescents aged 6\u201319\u00a0years were screened for CLD (defined as a FEV1 <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score &lt;\u22121 with no reversibility post\u2010bronchodilation with salbutamol) at two HIV clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe, and Blantyre, Malawi. Eligible participants with CLD (cases) were enrolled, together with a control group without CLD [frequency\u2010matched by age group and duration on antiretroviral therapy (ART)] in a 4:1 allocation ratio. A clinical history and examination were undertaken. The association between CLD and <jats:italic>a priori<\/jats:italic>\u2010defined demographic and clinical covariates was investigated using multivariable logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 1585 participants screened, 419 (32%) had a FEV1 <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score &lt;\u22121, of whom 347 were enrolled as cases [median age 15.3\u00a0years (IQR 12.7\u201317.7); 48.9% female] and 74 with FEV1 <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score &gt;0 as controls [median age 15.6\u00a0years (IQR 12.1\u201318.2); 62.2% female]. Among cases, current respiratory symptoms including cough and shortness of breath were reported infrequently (9.3% and 1.8%, respectively). However, 152 (43.8%) of cases had a respiratory rate above the 90th centile for their age. Wasting and taking second\u2010line ART were independently associated with CLD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of CLD indicates the need to address additional treatment support for youth living with HIV, alongside ART provision, to ensure a healthier adulthood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T07:51:21Z","timestamp":1580197881000},"page":"590-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Chronic lung disease in children and adolescents with HIV: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Grace","family":"McHugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Simms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Gonzalez\u2010Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi\u2010Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsitsi","family":"Bandason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ethel","family":"Dauya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brewster","family":"Moyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi\u2010Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilda","family":"Mujuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Rylance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi\u2010Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evgeniya","family":"Sovershaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arctic University of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen A.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Kranzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute Harare Zimbabwe"},{"name":"National TB Reference Laboratory Research Centre Borstel Borstel Germany"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Odland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arctic University of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashida A.","family":"Ferrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute Harare Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the BREATHE Clinical Trial Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"UNICEF.Global and regional trends HIV \u2013 UNICEF DATA [Internet].2018. 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