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Diagnosis and treatment of affected individuals can be particularly complex, hindering infection control in endemic areas. Methods to prevent canine leishmaniosis include the use of topical insecticides, prophylactic immunotherapy and vaccination. Four vaccines against canine leishmaniosis have been licensed since 2004, two in Brazil (Leishmune\u00ae, the production and marketing licence of which was withdrawn in 2014, and Leish\u2010Tec\u00ae) and two in Europe (CaniLeish\u00ae and LetiFend\u00ae). After several years of marketing, doubts remain regarding vaccine efficacy and effectiveness, potential infectiousness of vaccinated and infected animals or the interference of vaccine\u2010induced antibodies in <jats:italic>L.\u00a0infantum<\/jats:italic> serological diagnosis. This review summarises the scientific evidence for each of the vaccines commercially approved for canine leishmaniosis, while discussing possible weaknesses of these studies. 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