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The appropriate diagnosis and treatment are often delayed due to its non\u2010specific signs, leading to fatal consequences. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, especially methicillin\u2010susceptible <jats:italic>S. aureus,<\/jats:italic> is responsible for most TP cases. However, other bacteria (i.e. streptococci, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> spp<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic> spp.) have been reported. This narrative review provides an update on the epidemiology and clinical course of TP. A special focus is laid on the role of toxins (i.e. Panton\u2010Valentine Leucocidin and \u03b1\u2010toxin) in the pathogenesis of TP and their implication for the clinical management of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T08:59:11Z","timestamp":1585299551000},"page":"660-665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Tropical pyomyositis: an update"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Adebayo","family":"Shittu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Obafemi Awolowo University Ile\u2010Ife Nigeria"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology University Hospital M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Deinhardt\u2010Emmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology Jena University Hospital Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Vas Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Masanga Hospital Masanga Sierra Leone"},{"name":"Masanga Medical Research Unit Masanga Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Niemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology University Hospital M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin P.","family":"Grobusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Masanga Medical Research Unit Masanga Sierra Leone"},{"name":"Center of Tropical Medicine University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frieder","family":"Schaumburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology University Hospital M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-016-1158-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2003.009274"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases","author":"Grose C","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision:World Health Organization; 2019. 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