{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T17:18:02Z","timestamp":1758475082060},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterise childhood mouthing and handling behaviours and to assess the association between hand\u2010to\u2010object and object\u2010to\u2010mouth contacts and diarrhoea prevalence in young children in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective cohort study was conducted among 494 children under 5\u00a0years of age in Dhaka, Bangladesh. This study was nested within the randomised controlled trial of the Cholera Hospital\u2010Based Intervention for 7 Days (CHoBI7) mobile health (mHealth) program. The CHoBI7 mHealth program focuses on promoting handwashing with soap and water treatment to diarrhoea patients and their household members through mobile messages and a single in person visit. Mouthing and handling of faeces and fomites among young children was measured by five\u2010hour structured observation and caregiver reports. Diarrhoea surveillance data was collected monthly for 12\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty five percent of caregivers reported that their child put a visibly dirty fomite (object or soil) in their mouth in the past week. Caregivers reported that 50% of children had mouthed visibly dirty objects, 26% had mouthed dirt, and 2% had mouthed faeces. Forty five percent of children were observed mouthing a visibly dirty fomite during structured observation, 40% of children were observed mouthing a visibly dirty object, 10% were observed mouthing soil, and one child (0.2%) was observed mouthing faeces. Mouthing of visibly dirty fomites was highest for children 12\u201018 months of age with 69% of these children having caregiver reports and 54% having observed events. Children with caregiver reports of mouthing faeces had a significantly higher odds of diarrhoea over the subsequent month (Odds Ratio: 4.54; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.06, 19.48).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings demonstrate that mouthing of contaminated fomites among young children is frequent in urban environments in Bangladesh, and that mouthing faeces is associated with a significantly higher odds of diarrhoea. Interventions are urgently needed to protect young children from faecal pathogens in their play spaces.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T14:49:54Z","timestamp":1589467794000},"page":"976-984","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prospective cohort study of child mouthing of faeces and fomites in Dhaka, Bangladesh (CHoBI7 Program)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Tahmina","family":"Parvin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismat","family":"Minhaj Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. 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