{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:57:14Z","timestamp":1790402234514,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to identify the existing challenges in the last mile of the global Guinea Worm Eradication Program.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systematic Review of articles published from 1 January 2000 until 31 December 2019. Papers listed in Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, ProQuest PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched and reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010five articles met inclusion criteria of the study and were selected for analysis. Hence, relevant data were extracted, grouped and descriptively analysed. Results revealed 10 main challenges complicating the last mile of global guinea worm eradication: unusual mode of transmission; rising animal guinea worm infection; suboptimal surveillance; insecurity; inaccessibility; inadequate safe water points; migration; poor case containment measures, ecological changes; and new geographic foci of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review shows that most of the current challenges in guinea worm eradication have been present since the start of the campaign. However, the recent change in epidemiological patterns and nature of dracunculiasis in the last remaining endemic countries illustrates a new twist. Considering the complex nature of the current challenges, there seems to be a need for a more coordinated and multidisciplinary approach of dracunculiasis prevention and control measures. These new strategies would help to make history by eradicating dracunculiasis as the first ever parasitic disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T14:19:01Z","timestamp":1600438741000},"page":"1432-1440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Challenges in the last mile of the global guinea worm eradication program"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Getahun Weldu","family":"Lemma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Global Health Ruprecht\u2010Karls Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Doctors Without Borders\/MSF DR\u2010TB Comprehensive Care and Clinical Trial Project in Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Institute for Tropical Medicine Muntinlupa Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark Donald","family":"Re\u00f1osa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Global Health Ruprecht\u2010Karls Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Institute for Tropical Medicine Muntinlupa Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GuangYu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventative Medicine Yangzhou University Yangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0146"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60088-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17513758.2018.1529829"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6745a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"CDC.GUINEA WORM WRAP\u2010UP #260.2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2211.161332"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Elimination of guinea worm disease in Ethiopia; current status of the disease's, eradication strategies and challenges to the end game","volume":"55","author":"Beyene HB","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30738-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0090"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/tru039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Dracunculiasis (Guinea\u2010worm disease)[Internet]. (Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/health\u2010topics\/dracunculiasis#tab=tab_1). 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