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In this analysis, we combined cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal data from the intervention and control arms. Using regression models and adjusting for intra\u2010cluster correlation of outcomes, we investigated associations between socioeconomic characteristics, depressive symptoms, stress, disability and stigma, and receipt of a diagnosis, referral and treatment for depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 2002 participants enrolled, 18% reported a previous diagnosis of depression by a healthcare worker and 10% reported having received counselling from a specialist mental health worker. Diagnosis, referral and counselling during the follow\u2010up period were appropriately targeted, being independently more frequent in participants with higher enrolment scores for depressive symptoms, stress or disability. Participants with higher stigma scores at enrolment were independently less likely to receive counselling. Severe socio\u2010economic deprivation was common but was not associated with treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>While the receipt of a diagnosis, referral and treatment for depression were uncommon, they seemed to be appropriately targeted. Socio\u2010economic deprivation was not associated with treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T07:24:03Z","timestamp":1601277843000},"page":"1450-1466","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Predictors of receiving a diagnosis, referral and treatment of depression in people on antiretroviral therapy in South African primary care: a secondary analysis of data from a randomised trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Zani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge Translation Unit University of Cape Town Lung Institute Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Fairall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge Translation Unit University of Cape Town Lung Institute Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"King\u2019s Global Health Institute King\u2019s College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rural Health University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Folb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge Translation Unit University of Cape Town Lung Institute Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bhana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rural Health University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"},{"name":"Health Systems Research Unit South African Medical Research Council Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Thornicroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Mental Health King\u2032s College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hanass\u2010Hancock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Prevention Research Unit South African Medical Research Council Durban South Africa"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Mental Health King\u2032s College London London UK"},{"name":"Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the CobALT Research Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00505-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"viii","volume-title":"Integrating Mental Health into Primary Care: A Global Perspective","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-0911-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61242-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/samjNEW.8794"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"346","article-title":"Mental health service use among South Africans for mood, anxiety and substance use disorders.","volume":"99","author":"Seedat S","year":"2009","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-008-0399-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32802-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003955"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2017-102750"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JAC.0b013e31820ef6a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-012-0274-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"CummingsNA.Collaborative Care. 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