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A number of factors are associated with this heterogeneous response to<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic>infection. In the present study, associations of sub\u2010microscopic asymptomatic<jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic>with<jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>species and TNF (rs1800629) polymorphism were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>361 clinically healthy primary school children were microscopically screened for<jats:italic>S.\u00a0haematobium<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>S.\u00a0mansoni<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic>. Sub\u2010microscopic asymptomatic<jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic>infections were determined by PCR. Genotypic profiles were identified using ARMS\u2010PCR. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of sub\u2010microscopic asymptomatic<jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic>with<jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>species and TNF (rs1800629) polymorphism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>17.2% of the children were infected with<jats:italic>S.\u00a0mansoni<\/jats:italic>, and 27.4% were infected with<jats:italic>S.\u00a0haematobium<\/jats:italic>. Microscopic examination of thick smears detected only one child infected with<jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic>. Based on PCR results, 46.1% were infected with sub\u2010microscopic asymptomatic<jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic>. Children carrying heterozygous AG (OR: 16.964, 95% CI: 0.496\u2013586.547) and homozygous GG (OR: 2.280, 95% CI: 0.111\u201346.796) genotypes of rs1800629 were associated with an increased likelihood of sub\u2010microscopic asymptomatic<jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic>infections compared with those carrying homozygous AA genotype. Children without<jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>infections (OR: 1.051, 95% CI: 0.146\u20138.985) and<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>(OR: 2.658, 95% CI: 0.498\u201314.184) also had an increased likelihood (risk) of being infected with sub\u2010microscopic asymptomatic<jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic>compared with the<jats:italic>Schistosoma\u2010<\/jats:italic>infected groups. However, all the associations observed were not statistical significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>No associations were observed between rs1800629 and schistosomiasis with sub\u2010microscopic asymptomatic<jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic>infections. This study also reports a high prevalence of sub\u2010microscopic asymptomatic<jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic>infection concomitant with low malaria transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T03:33:51Z","timestamp":1605497631000},"page":"366-373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of TNF (rs1800629) promoter polymorphism and schistosomiasis with sub\u2010microscopic asymptomatic<i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i>infections in a schistosomiasis\u2010endemic area in Zimbabwe"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7629-6843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur","family":"Vengesai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe"},{"name":"School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal KwaZulu\u2010Natal South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amos","family":"Marume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal KwaZulu\u2010Natal South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herald","family":"Midzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maritha","family":"Kasambala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal KwaZulu\u2010Natal South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thajasvarie","family":"Naicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal KwaZulu\u2010Natal South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takafira","family":"Mduluza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Malaria [Internet]. 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