{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:19:24Z","timestamp":1790230764590,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the entomological efficacy and the residual activity of indoor residual spraying with Fludora<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>Fusion 562.5 WP\u2010SB, a combination formulation containing clothianidin, a neonicotinoid and deltamethrin, a pyrethroid, against the main rural malaria vector,<jats:italic>Anopheles culicifacies s.l<\/jats:italic>., in India in a small\u2010scale trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In three study villages, suitable households were randomly allocated to five treatments: Fludora<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>Fusion 562.5 WP\u2010SB (target dose 225\u00a0mg active ingredient AI\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>); clothianidin 70 WG (target dose 200\u00a0mg AI\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>); K\u2010Othrine 250 WG (deltamethrin, target dose 25\u00a0mg AI\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>); Ficam VC 80 WP\u2010SB (bendiocarb, target dose 400\u00a0mg AI\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and unsprayed control. Insecticides were sprayed by hand compression sprayers with control flow valves and 8002E nozzles. Post\u2010spray cone bioassays were done on insecticide\u2010treated walls using a colonised, deltamethrin\u2010resistant strain of<jats:italic>An.\u00a0culicifacies<\/jats:italic>. Mosquitoes were collected from treated rooms by different methods. The insecticide content on filter papers collected from the sprayed walls was determined by chemical assay to assess the spray quality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ratios of applied to target doses of insecticides were within 0.84 to 1.4, showing a good spray quality. The cone bioassays revealed residual action lasting 7\u00a0months for all insecticides without significant differences in mortality between different surfaces treated nor between the four treatment arms (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Considering all entomological parameters such as indoor resting density, excito\u2010repellency, blood\u2010feeding inhibition and delayed mortality, the overall efficacy of Fludora<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>Fusion WG\u2010SB was equal or better compared with other insecticides.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fludora<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>Fusion showed overall equal or better efficacy than deltamethrin and bendiocarb alone against a pyrethroid\u2010resistant malaria vector population and can be considered as an alternative product for management of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T03:19:12Z","timestamp":1610680752000},"page":"469-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Small\u2010scale field evaluation of the entomological efficacy and the residual activity of Fludora<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>Fusion WP\u2010SB indoor residual spraying against<i>Anopheles culicifacies s.l<\/i>. in Gujarat, India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4098-7095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raghavendra","family":"Kamaraju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2010National Institute of Malaria Research New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandra Shekhar","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2010National Institute of Malaria Research Field Unit Civil Hospital Nadiad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4192-6371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sreehari","family":"Uragayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2010National Institute of Malaria Research Field Unit Poojanahalli India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajendra Kumar","family":"Baharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2010National Institute of Malaria Research New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harish Chandra","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2010National Institute of Malaria Research Field Unit Civil Hospital Nadiad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8264-1204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajpal S.","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases WHO Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.Guidelines for Malaria Vector Control.World Health Organization:Geneva 2019. 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