{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T09:03:31Z","timestamp":1777712611696,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aims of the study were two\u2010fold: (1) antigen (Ag) preparation and evaluation of three antigens of <jats:italic>Gnathostoma spinigerum<\/jats:italic> infective larvae (GsL3), crude somatic antigen (CSAg), excretory\u2010secretory antigen (ESAg) and partially purified antigens (namely P1Ag, P2Ag and P3Ag) to differentiate IgE, IgG, IgG1\u20134 and IgM for human gnathostomiasis diagnosis; and (2) application of the selected ELISA for following up stored sera of patients treated with ivermectin (IVM) and albendazole (ABZ).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Different antigens were analysed by antibodies of gnathostomiasis cases, other parasite infections and healthy controls using indirect ELISA to differentiate IgE, IgG, IgG1\u20134 and IgM. Then, prominent antigen and immunoglobulin were used in antibody predictions of gnathostomiasis cases treated with albendazole or ivermectin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sensitivity of all evaluated ELISAs: IgM\u2010, IgG\u2010, IgG1\u2010 and IgG4\u2010ELISA, was 100%. IgM\u2010ELISA with CSAg and P3Ag exhibited the highest specificity of 99%. IgG\u2010ELISA with P2Ag resulted in the highest specificity of 92.3%. IgG1\u2010ELISA with P2Ag and P3Ag showed excellent results with 100% specificity. Finally, P2Ag evaluated IgG1 of the followed\u2010up cases with ABZ and IVM. Decreasing antibody IgG1\u00a0levels were mostly found in both treatments at Month 9 and long follow\u2010up was over 12\u00a0months. A <jats:italic>Gnathostoma<\/jats:italic> worm was extracted from each two treated patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using IgG1\u2010ELISA against P2Ag and P3Ag gave excellent results with 100% sensitivity and specificity. These tests can be an alternative to immunoblotting for gnathostomiasis. IgG1 decreased at least 9\u00a0months in most cases, so long\u2010term treatment should be performed over 1\u00a0year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T18:05:00Z","timestamp":1631469900000},"page":"1634-1644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of immunodiagnostic tests for human gnathostomiasis using different antigen preparations of <i>Gnathostoma spinigerum<\/i> larvae against IgE, IgM, IgG, IgG1\u20104 and IgG1 patterns of post\u2010treated patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Issariya","family":"Ieamsuwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Helminthology Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorn","family":"Watthanakulpanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Helminthology Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urai","family":"Chaisri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Pathology Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poom","family":"Adisakwattana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Helminthology Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paron","family":"Dekumyoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Helminthology Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-71358-8_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00003-09"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of human gnathostomiasis","volume":"19","author":"Maleewong W","year":"1988","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-003-0947-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(91)90033-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0538-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1294-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(91)90079-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"ELISA values of serum antibodies from healthy Thai individuals against antigens of tissue helminths [Ph. 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