{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T04:17:30Z","timestamp":1768277850700,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Handgrip strength, a simple measure of muscle strength, has been reported as a predictor of both prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and has been suggested for screening prediabetes and T2DM risk. This study examined the relationship of handgrip strength with prediabetes and T2DM among rural\u2010 and urban\u2010dwelling adults in Malawi.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional study nested in a follow\u2010up study of prediabetic and prehypertensive individuals identified during an extensive noncommunicable disease survey in Malawi. A total of 261 participants (women: 64%) were recruited. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association of prediabetes and T2DM with relative handgrip strength.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean (SD) age of the participants was 49.7 (13.6) years, and 54.0% were between the ages of 40 and 59\u00a0years. The mean (SD) absolute handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength were 28.8 (7.3) kg and 1.16 (0.40)\u00a0kg\/BMI, respectively, and the mean relative handgrip strength differed significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) by T2DM status. In unadjusted model, the odds ratio (OR) of prediabetes and T2DM per unit increase in relative handgrip strength was 0.12 [95% CI; 0.04\u20130.33]. The result remained significant after adjusting for age (continuous), sex, place of study, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and level of education (aOR [95% CI]; 0.19 [0.03\u20130.95]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings suggest that handgrip strength could be a relatively inexpensive, noninvasive measure for contributing to risk scores to identify high\u2010risk individuals for screening diabetes in SSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T18:46:19Z","timestamp":1634755579000},"page":"1709-1717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Handgrip strength as a simple measure for screening prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk among adults in Malawi: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Chrispin Mahala","family":"Manda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wisdom P.","family":"Nakanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit  Lilongwe and Karonga Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Mkandawire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit  Lilongwe and Karonga Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adamson S.","family":"Muula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Family Medicine College of Medicine University of Malawi  Blantyre Malawi"},{"name":"The Africa Center of Excellence in Public Health and Herbal Medicine University of Malawi  Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moffat J.","family":"Nyirenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia Catherine","family":"Crampin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit  Lilongwe and Karonga Malawi"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Wagatsuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30181-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"WHO.Malawi national STEPwise survey for non\u2010communicable disease risk factors 2017 report 2020.https:\/\/extranet.who.int\/ncdsmicrodata\/index.php\/catalog\/629. 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