{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:30:10Z","timestamp":1787682610092,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004916","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004916","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006507","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the state of Amazonas, northern Brazil, cryptococcosis is endemic, with a predominance of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic> in individuals with HIV\/AIDS, and <jats:italic>Cryptococcus gattii<\/jats:italic> VGII in non\u2010HIV individuals. This study analysed the clinical isolates and clinical\u2013epidemiological characteristics of HIV\/AIDS patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis in a tertiary healthcare facility in Manaus, Amazonas and investigated the presence of agents of cryptococcosis in environmental samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A survey was made of data from HIV\/AIDS patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis between January 2017 and December 2019, and environmental samples were collected at the patients\u2019 and their neighbours\u2019 homes. The isolates were submitted to morphophysiological analysis and PCR\u2010RFLP typing to determine the molecular types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical\u2013epidemiological characteristics of 55 patients and 75\u00a0clinical isolates were analysed. Neurocriptococcosis was the clinical form observed in 98.2% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 54\/55) of patients. A total of 38.1% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 21\/55) of patients died within 100\u00a0weeks, of which 21.8% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 12\/55) died less than a month after the diagnosis of cryptococcosis. <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic> VNI (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 68\/75), <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic> VNII (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1\/75), <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gattii<\/jats:italic> VGI (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3\/75) and <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gattii<\/jats:italic> VGII (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3\/75) were identified. Mixed infection was observed in two patients, one by <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic> VNI and VNII and the other by <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic> VNI and <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gattii<\/jats:italic> VGI. <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic> VNI was detected in three (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3\/51) households, one of a patient (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1\/17) and two households that neighbour patients\u2019 houses (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2\/34).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrated the prevalence of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic> VNI, which is a cause of cryptococcosis in patients with HIV\/AIDS in the state of Amazonas, and revealed a greater diversity of molecular types affecting these patients in the region than in previous studies. In the studied group, a high mortality rate was observed, which reflects the importance of early diagnosis, and evidences cryptococcosis as an AIDS\u2010defining disease and an important public health problem in the region. The home environment proved to be a potential source of infection\/reinfection by <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic> VNI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T04:03:37Z","timestamp":1645157017000},"page":"387-396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cryptococcosis in HIV\/AIDS patients in northern Brazil: Clinical aspects, molecular types and isolation of agents from environmental samples associated with patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Marla Jalene","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Diversidade Microbiana da Amaz\u00f4nia com Import\u00e2ncia para a Sa\u00fade Instituto Le\u00f4nidas e Maria Deane \u2013 FIOCRUZ  Manaus Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina 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