{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:32:15Z","timestamp":1791552735935,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["163878"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["163878"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the prevalence of HIV viral suppression and assess the factors associated with HIV viral suppression among persons receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Malawi in 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implementation study using routinely collected patient\u2010level HIV RNA\u2010PCR test result data extracted from the national Laboratory Management Information System (LIMS) database managed by the Department of HIV\/AIDS in 2021. We calculated frequencies, proportions and odds ratios (OR) of HIV viral suppression with their associated 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). We performed a random\u2010effects logistic regression to determine the risk factors associated with HIV viral suppression among ART patients, controlling for the spatial autocorrelation between districts and adjusting for other variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We evaluated 515,797 adults and children receiving ART and having a viral load test in 2021. Of these, 92.8% had HIV viral suppression. ART patients living in urban areas had lower likelihood of HIV viral suppression than those living in rural areas (adjusted OR [aOR]\u00a0=\u00a00.95, 95%CI: 0.92\u20130.99,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.01). There was an increasing trend in HIV viral suppression with increasing ART duration. Routine VL monitoring samples were 39% more likely to have suppressed VL values than confirmatory HIV VL monitoring samples (aOR\u00a0=\u00a01.39; 95%CI: 1.34\u20131.43,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first national analysis of Malawi HIV VL data from LIMS. Our findings show the need to particularly consider the urban residents, those below 20\u2009years, males, those on ART for less than a year as well as those on specific ARV regimens in order to persistently suppress HIV VL and consequently achieve the goal of achieving HIV VL suppression by 2030.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T11:28:30Z","timestamp":1653650910000},"page":"639-646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Factors associated with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    viral suppression among children and adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Malawi in 2021: Evidence from the Laboratory Management Information System"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Wingston Felix","family":"Ng'ambi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Health Economics and Policy Unit, Department of Health Systems and Policy Kamuzu University of Health Sciences  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janne","family":"Estill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Jahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV\/AIDS Ministry of Health  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erol","family":"Orel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiwonge","family":"Chimpandule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV\/AIDS Ministry of Health  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Nyirenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV\/AIDS Ministry of Health  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Keiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25546"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre\u2010exposure prophylaxis for HIV","author":"WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"2018 Global Reference List of 100 Core Health Indicators (plus health\u2010related SDGs)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for managing advanced HIV disease and rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy","author":"WHO","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Factors associated with uptake of HIV testing in Malawi: a trend analysis of the Malawi demographic and health survey data from 2004 to 2016","volume":"2","author":"Ng'ambi W","year":"2020","journal-title":"J HIV AIDS Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2428-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25631"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Government of Malawi Ministry of Healt, Malawi integrated guidelines for clinical management of 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