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We determined whether intrauterine HIV exposure influences linear growth in a cohort of Ethiopian children followed up to 18\u2009months of age in public health facilities in Adama city, Ethiopia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were offspring of pregnant women enrolled in a prospective cohort study that included screening for HIV infection during antenatal care. Growth patterns of HIV\u2010exposed and uninfected (HEU) and HIV\u2010unexposed (HU) children were compared up to 18\u2009months of age, with length\u2010for\u2010age z\u2010score (LAZ) and proportion with stunting as primary outcomes. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were constructed to investigate the associations between HIV exposure and linear growth, controlling for socio\u2010demographic factors and breastfeeding status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 1705 included infants (164 HEU), 1276 remained in follow\u2010up at 18\u2009months. Among HIV\u2010positive mothers, 132 (80.5%) were receiving antiretroviral therapy at enrolment. At the 18\u2010month visit, mean LAZ was \u22121.08 among HEU children and \u22120.74 among HU children (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.052). Proportions of HEU and HU children with stunting at the 18\u2010month visit were 27.8% and 18.7%, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.010). In multivariable models, HIV exposure was associated with lower LAZ at all follow\u2010up visits, and with stunting at the 18\u2010month visit (adjusted odds ratio 2.29, 95% confidence interval 1.40\u20133.71). HIV exposure was not associated with weight\u2010related growth outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HEU children in Ethiopia had inferior linear growth compared with HU children, implying that intrauterine HIV exposure impacts early childhood growth in this setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T08:44:14Z","timestamp":1659429854000},"page":"823-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Intrauterine<scp>HIV<\/scp>exposure is associated with linear growth restriction among Ethiopian children in the first 18\u2009months of life"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9706-0194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Szanyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John K\u00f6nig","family":"Walles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Central Hospital Kristianstad Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fregenet","family":"Tesfaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adugna Negussie","family":"Gudeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre Lund University Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Bj\u00f6rkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Use of antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant women and preventing HIV infection in infants. 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