{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T19:13:44Z","timestamp":1775330024782,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lactoferrin is an 80 KDa iron\u2010binding glycoprotein that plays a significant role in the innate immune system and is considered to be an important microbicide molecule. This study aimed to assess the concentration of lactoferrin in <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected cases before and after praziquantel treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was carried out on 250 individuals aged from 5 to 30\u2009years. Stool samples were examined for the presence of parasitic infections using Kato\u2010Katz and formalin ethyl acetate techniques. All <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive cases were treated with praziquantel and stool samples were recollected 21\u2009days later. Faecal lactoferrin level was determined before and after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection was 14.4%. Among 36 participants infected with <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>, the cure rate was 91.7%. A statistically significant difference in the mean lactoferrin level before and after treatment was detected (1648.95\u2009pg\/ml\u2009\u00b1\u2009656.5 vs. 1162.8\u00a0pg\/ml\u2009\u00b1\u2009356.8). This difference was statistically significant in the middle and older age groups, in males and in the absence of coinfection with other parasites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lactoferrin could be a promising biomarker associated with <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection, however, it could not be used to assess the severity of infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T16:19:29Z","timestamp":1666282769000},"page":"1053-1058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of faecal lactoferrin as a morbidity biomarker in <scp><i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i><\/scp> infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Heba","family":"Elhadad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwa Morsy","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRI Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Abdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Kafr El\u2010Shiekh University  Kafr El\u2010Shiekh Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)61949-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002865"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1110-1415.201724"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.88"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"397","article-title":"A simple device for quantitative stool thick\u2010smear technique in Schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"14","author":"Katz N","year":"1972","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182009991600"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Moving from control to elimination of schistosomiasis in sub\u2010Saharan Africa: time to change and adapt strategies","volume":"6","author":"Tchuent\u00e9 L\u2010AT","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/o01-212"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18030501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07458.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fg.2010.001362"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-14-121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-020-00242-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3697216"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1980.29.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"A simple guide to IBM SPSS statistics for version 20.0","author":"Kirkpatrick LA","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"AusloosM BrughaTS Collaborators G(2018)Global regional and national disability\u2010adjusted life\u2010years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","volume-title":"Preventive chemotherapy in human helminthiasis. 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