{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:59:26Z","timestamp":1791442766189,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To generate a national and zonal pooled estimate of current tobacco usage (CTU) in any form, as well as stratified gender and tobacco type (smokeless and smoke) specific estimates among the Indian population, utilising evidence from 2010 to 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, CINAHL and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles on tobacco use among Indian adults published between January 2010 and October 2022. The NIH Quality Assessment Tool was used to assess study quality, and a random\u2010effects inverse\u2010variance method was used to attain a pooled estimate of usage. Heterogeneity was estimated through\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistics and prediction intervals, and further subgroup analysis and meta\u2010regression were conducted. A leave\u2010one\u2010out analysis was done to establish the sensitivity of the pooled estimate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CTU prevalence of any form among the adult Indian population was 35.2% [confidence interval (CI) 25.27\u201345.92,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200999.7,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001] between 2010 and 2022 with a wide Prediction interval between 3.19 to 78.74. The regionally drawn estimate for the years 2016\u20132022 was 44.3% (CI 30.57\u201358.64,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200999.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Highest prevalence was found in the East zone (55.4%) followed by the northeast with 51.8% tobacco consumption. Although residual heterogeneity persisted after subgroup analysis, the variability in estimates showed statistical significance when considering disaggregated estimates across administrative zones and gender\u2010wise consumption. The estimated CTU among males was 54.1%, whereas in females it was 15%. Leave\u2010one\u2010out analysis indicated the findings are reliable and are not dependent on any one study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review highlights differences in tobacco usage estimates from national\u2010level surveys and regional studies. More regionally representative surveys of tobacco usage to tailormade prevention efforts alongside increased regional efforts improved community\u2010level advocacy and more coordinated and stringent tobacco prevention policy implementation at national and state levels are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T01:10:08Z","timestamp":1692407408000},"page":"699-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Tobacco usage in India: A meta\u2010analysis of evidence drawn from regional studies between 2010 and 2022"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6457-1043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubhajit","family":"Pahari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TCI Foundation  Unakoti Tripura India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6212-7993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diplina","family":"Barman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology ICMR\u2010National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases  Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8829-8961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rounik","family":"Talukdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology ICMR\u2010National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases  Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67725-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"SirurS.27.1% of India's all cancer cases in 2020 will be tobacco\u2010related ICMR report estimates.ThePrint.2020Available from:https:\/\/theprint.in\/india\/27\u20101\u2010of\u2010indias\u2010all\u2010cancer\u2010cases\u2010in\u20102020\u2010will\u2010be\u2010tobacco\u2010related\u2010icmr\u2010report\u2010estimates\/484724\/. 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