{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T06:15:13Z","timestamp":1773900913332,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000910","name":"Conrad N. Hilton Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000910","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Innovations to improve public sanitation facilities, especially in healthcare facilities (HCFs) in low\u2010income countries, are limited. SaTo pans represent novel, largely untested, modifications to reduce odour and flies and improve acceptability of HCF sanitation facilities. We conducted a pilot project to evaluate acceptability, cleanliness, flies and odour within latrines in 37 HCFs in Kisumu, Kenya, randomised into intervention (SaTo pan modifications) and control arms by sub\u2010county and HCF level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline (pre\u2010intervention) and endline (&gt;3\u2009months after completion of SaTo pan installations in latrines in intervention HCFs), we surveyed users, cleaners and in\u2010charges, observed odour and cleanliness, and assessed flies using fly tape. Unadjusted difference\u2010in\u2010difference analysis compared changes from baseline to endline in patient\u2010reported acceptability and observed latrine conditions between intervention and control HCFs. A secondary assessment compared patient\u2010reported acceptability following use of SaTo pan versus non\u2010SaTo pan latrines within intervention HCFs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patient\u2010reported acceptability of latrines was higher following the intervention (baseline: 87%, endline: 96%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05). However, patient\u2010reported acceptability was also high in the control arm (79%, 86%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.34), and the between\u2010arm difference\u2010in\u2010difference was not significant. Enumerator\u2010observed odour declined in intervention latrines (32%\u201314%) compared with controls (36%\u201351%, difference\u2010in\u2010difference ratio: 0.32, 95% confidence interval: 0.12\u20130.84), but changes in flies, puddling of urine and visible faeces did not differ between arms. In the secondary assessment, fewer intervention than control latrines had patient\u2010reported flies (0% vs. 26%) and odour (18% vs. 50%), and reported satisfaction was greater. Most cleaners reported dropholes and floors were easier to clean in intervention versus controls; limited challenges with water for flushing were reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest SaTo pans may be acceptable by cleaners and users and reduce odour in HCF sanitation facilities, though challenges exist and further evaluation with larger sample sizes is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T03:56:39Z","timestamp":1699502199000},"page":"881-889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of <scp>SaTo<\/scp> pans as a new latrine technology in <scp>Kisumu County<\/scp> healthcare facilities, <scp>Kenya<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Graeme","family":"Prentice\u2010Mott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aloyce","family":"Odhiambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EIS Service Safe Water and AIDS Project  Kisumu Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin E.","family":"Conners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Mwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EIS Service Safe Water and AIDS Project  Kisumu Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna J.","family":"Blackstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Oremo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EIS Service Safe Water and AIDS Project  Kisumu Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Akelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EIS Service Safe Water and AIDS Project  Kisumu Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alie","family":"Eleveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EIS Service Safe Water and AIDS Project  Kisumu Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Quick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Berendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001632"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000648"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00099-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"WHO UNICEF.Progress on Wash in Health Care Facilities 2000\u20132021 [Internet].2022Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240058699"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"ChandraA AnnisJ GoenkaP MugerwaW.Learning Brief: Uganda Sanitation for Health Activity[Internet].2020. 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