{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T07:47:11Z","timestamp":1769068031849,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272386"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81972016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81972016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) represents the most severe form of Leishmaniasis infection, often resulting in fatality without timely treatment. Previous studies have found that immunosuppression increases the risk of VL disease progression and mortality, and the total immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in peripheral blood vary before and after treatment. However, the distinct levels and roles of IgG subclasses in VL have not been documented yet. This study aims to elucidate the characteristics and clinical significance of IgG subclasses in VL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 43 cases newly\u2010diagnosed with VL were enrolled in the cohort. We measured the levels of IgG subclasses before and after standard treatment and conducted assessments of bone marrow features. In addition, we analysed other haematological indices and examined the variations in IgG subclasses, as well as their correlation with clinical and laboratory factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The levels of total IgG, IgG1, and the ratios of both IgG1\/IgG and IgG1\/IgG2 decreased significantly after treatment, whereas the ratios of IgG2\/ IgG showed an obvious increase. The VL patients without hyperglobulinemia displayed significant lower IgG1\/IgG2 ratios, but higher IgG2\/IgG ratios compared with those with hyperglobulinemia. In addition, VL patients with positive bone marrow amastigotes had significant higher IgG1\/IgG and IgG1\/IgG2 ratios, but lower IgG2\/IgG ratios. IgG subclasses were correlated with abnormal blood test results, particularly immunological elements including IgM and Complement 4 (C4).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>IgG1 and IgG2 exhibited contrasting changes after treatment in VL patients. The features of bone marrow and laboratory tests indicated that IgG1 and IgG2 serve different roles in the progression of VL. The ratios of IgG subclasses may be more precise indicators to evaluate immune reaction in VL than traditional total IgG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T08:24:46Z","timestamp":1703924686000},"page":"152-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Serological characteristics and clinical implications of <scp>IgG<\/scp> subclasses in visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Xin\u2010Yu","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Laboratory Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han\u2010Bing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010Hao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Laboratory Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Yong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Laboratory Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Laboratory Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Qun","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Laboratory Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31204-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hct116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-018-0343-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.959901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.748325"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2016.1160779"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002675"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-3409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00520"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-021419-083720"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00056-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2018.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2020.107941"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-4017(00)00446-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3RI0519-161R"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.694928"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119793"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2015.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0733-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.652956"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; 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