{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T15:20:40Z","timestamp":1772637640396,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,11]],"date-time":"2024-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although concomitant pneumonia is sometimes diagnosed in childhood bacterial meningitis, its role in the illness course and prognosis is not known. We examined these associations using prospectively collected data from Finland, Latin America and Angola.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a secondary descriptive analysis of prospectively collected data (clinical and laboratory findings at admission, during hospitalisation and outcome) from five clinical bacterial meningitis trials. We included children aged 2\u2009months to 15\u2009years from sites with confirmed bacterial meningitis and potential concomitant pneumonia (diagnosed clinically with or without a chest radiograph).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pneumonia was not observed in the 341 children included in Finland. Pneumonia was observed in 8% (51\/606) of children in Latin America and in 46% (377\/819) in Angola (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). In multivariate analyses, predisposing factors for pneumonia in Latin America were age\u2009&lt;1\u2009year, seizures and severe anaemia; the corresponding factors for Angola were preadmission duration of illness &gt;3\u2009days and non\u2010meningococcal meningitis. Concomitant pneumonia increased the severity of the disease and disabling sequelae.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial meningitis with pneumonia is a major, previously undescribed entity of severe bacterial meningitis, especially in Angola.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T04:53:20Z","timestamp":1707713600000},"page":"319-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pneumonia in childhood bacterial meningitis\u2013Experience from three continents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7688-9059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuula","family":"Pelkonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Hospital Pedi\u00e1trico David Bernardino  Luanda Angola"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0020-361X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irmeli","family":"Roine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University Diego Portales  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel Leite","family":"Cruzeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pedi\u00e1trico David Bernardino  Luanda Angola"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markku","family":"Kallio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2145-1460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heikki","family":"Peltola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13693-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-93"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1648-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/379719"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.12.1112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/597463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(89)92685-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199504000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/522534"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70055-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01085-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040845"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05462-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1994.11747724"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/40.4.231"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.5.1087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105033441807"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2655"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(02)00450-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.44.020193.000535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0650"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; 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