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We sought to describe the prevalence and risk factors for these zoonoses in a pastoralist community.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Febrile patients \u22652\u2009years old presenting to Endulen Hospital in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area were enrolled from August 2016 through October 2017. Acute and convalescent blood samples were collected, and a questionnaire was administered. Sera were tested by immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) IgG assays using <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> (Phase II), <jats:italic>Rickettsia africae<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Rickettsia typhi<\/jats:italic> antigens. Serologic evidence of exposure was defined by an IFA titre \u22651:64; probable cases by an acute IFA titre \u22651:128; and confirmed cases by a \u22654\u2010fold rise in titre between samples. Risk factors for exposure and acute case status were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 228 participants, 99 (43.4%) were male and the median (interquartile range) age was 27 (16\u201341) years. Among these, 117 (51.3%) had <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> exposure, 74 (32.5%) had probable Q fever, 176 (77.2%) had SFG <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic> exposure, 134 (58.8%) had probable SFG rickettsioses, 11 (4.8%) had TG <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic> exposure, and 4 (1.8%) had probable TG rickettsioses. Of 146 participants with paired sera, 1 (0.5%) had confirmed Q fever, 8 (5.5%) had confirmed SFG rickettsioses, and none had confirmed TG rickettsioses. Livestock slaughter was associated with acute Q fever (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38\u20134.76) and sheep slaughter with SFG rickettsioses case (OR 4.63, 95% CI 1.08\u201323.50).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute Q fever and SFG rickettsioses were detected in participants with febrile illness. Exposures to <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> and to SFG <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic> were highly prevalent, and interactions with livestock were associated with increased odds of illness with both pathogens. Further characterisation of the burden and risks for these diseases is warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T02:36:00Z","timestamp":1710383760000},"page":"365-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors for <scp>Q<\/scp> fever, spotted fever group rickettsioses, and typhus group rickettsioses in a pastoralist community of northern <scp>Tanzania<\/scp>, 2016\u20132017"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3191-1117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ganga S.","family":"Moorthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute Duke University  Durham North Carolina 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