{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:05:03Z","timestamp":1747188303962,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI069924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI069924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024310","name":"Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["203135\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203135\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024310","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study is to assess the outcomes of children, adolescents and young adults with HIV reported as lost to follow\u2010up, correct mortality estimates for children, adolescents and young adults with HIV for unascertained outcomes in those loss to follow\u2010up (LTFU) based on tracing and linkage data separately using data from the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS in Southern Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included data from two different populations of children, adolescents and young adults with HIV; (1) clinical data from children, adolescents and young adults with HIV aged \u226424\u2009years from Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe; (2) clinical data from children, adolescents and young adults with HIV aged \u226414\u2009years from the Western Cape (WC) in South Africa. Outcomes of patients lost to follow\u2010up were available from (1) a tracing study and (2) linkage to a health information exchange. For both populations, we compared six methods for correcting mortality estimates for all children, adolescents and young adults with HIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found substantial variations of mortality estimates among children, adolescents and young adults with HIV reported as lost to follow\u2010up versus those retained in care. Ascertained mortality was higher among lost and traceable children, adolescents and young adults with HIV and lower among lost and linkable than those retained in care (mortality: 13.4% [traced] vs. 12.6% [retained\u2010other Southern Africa countries]; 3.4% [linked] vs. 9.4% [retained\u2010WC]). A high proportion of lost to follow\u2010up children, adolescents and young adults with HIV had self\u2010transferred (21.0% and 47.0%) in the traced and linked samples, respectively. The uncorrected method of non\u2010informative censoring yielded the lowest mortality estimates among all methods for both tracing (6.0%) and linkage (4.0%) approaches at 2\u2009years from ART start. Among corrected methods using ascertained data, multiple imputation, incorporating ascertained data (MI(asc.)) and inverse probability weighting with logistic weights were most robust for the tracing approach. In contrast, for the linkage approach, MI(asc.) was the most robust.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings emphasise that lost to follow\u2010up is non\u2010ignorable and both tracing and linkage improved outcome ascertainment: tracing identified substantial mortality in those reported as lost to follow\u2010up, whereas linkage did not identify out\u2010of\u2010facility deaths, but showed that a large proportion of those reported as lost to follow\u2010up were self\u2010transfers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.14030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T07:58:58Z","timestamp":1720079938000},"page":"739-751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correcting mortality estimates among children and youth on antiretroviral therapy in southern Africa: A comparative analysis between a multi\u2010country tracing study and linkage to a health information exchange"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8418-8500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patience","family":"Nyakato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8475-0591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Schomaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Munich 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